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Setting Media Agenda for 2023 General Elections
The media has a critical role to play in the success or failure of the 2023 General Elections. This role is captured in the exclusive role it plays in agenda and opinion setting, informing and educating the population. Adeleye Ajayi explores the centrality of the role of media as 2023 electioneering kicks in.
The media attempts to effect processes that will result in what will be perceived as the most important discourse on issues affecting a society, influencing and establishing the spate of news occurrence.
Agenda setting has formed a cardinal component of public opinion and accurate evaluation of such news has become important to public policy consideration.
The recent second annual GYB (Governor Yahaya Bello) Seminar for Nigeria’s political and crime correspondents was aimed at looking at the roles of the media in agenda setting, especially as it affects politics.So, political and editors gathered recently in Abuja for two days and brainstormed on the theme “Setting the agenda for 2023’’. The sessions took more than 200 participants through the route of the roles the media ought to play prior to and during the 2023 elections. The participants also did a diagnosis of the score sheet of the programmes of Gov. Yahaya Bello of Kogi.
Reviewing the seminar, the Editor-in-Chief of Leadership Newspapers, Mr Azubuike Ishiekwene, said that the media prioritised what was reported by giving salience. According to Ishiekwene, the media has a gate-keeping function and the exclusive capacity to control what is reported.
He, however, noted that the way some media would set agenda would depend on ownership influence. He said: “Media should know more about the political candidates; have a knowledge of economics; use available resources to check facts; provide a platform for debate on all sides; and also reflect the news about the weak’’.
Ishiekwene, however, noted that for the country to remain afloat, for accountability, the journalist must deliver on the responsibility of holding government accountable to the people.
He noted that as the watchdogs of the society, the media were expected to listen to what the politicians are saying and draw a conclusion as to the reality on ground. A former presidential spokesman, Dr Reuben Abati, talked about Constructive Journalism and how it could make people understand the subject to report well.
Abati said that it was the responsibility of the media to hold government accountable to the people, making reference to Section 22 of the Amended 1999 Constitution. He also cautioned that both texts and graphics could drive recipients of information, hence the need to be careful in dissemination of materials.
Abati advised that a journalist should stay by the sacred principles of the profession to avoid misinformation. The President of the Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ), Chief Chris Isiguzo, spoke on “ 2023 Elections: Journalists As Watchdogs’’.
According to him, the media must be watchdogs in truth and spirit and display patriotism “The media must ensure that it is that person that will take us out of the woods that will emerge as president in 2023.“We should not be sensational in our reportage. Journalism must be done with sound judgment,’’ the NUJ president said.
Isiguzo thanked the organisers of the seminar, saying that learning was very important as a stagnant journalist was like a poison to the society. “You are eliminating poison from our landscape to have a new breed of professional journalists who will speak the language of developments,’’ the NUJ president said.
He said as the country marches into 2023 election, two issues of security and the need to build journalists capacity-wise became imperative. The President of the Nigerian Guild of Editors (NGE), Mr Mustapha Isa, said that training of correspondents on both crime and political beats could not have come at a better time.
Isa said it was commendable that Bello had declared to run the post of president. Bello, while fielding questions from journalists said that the nation was at the threshold of getting Nigeria either right or the nation returned to the past.
He noted that to do this, Nigerians must be educated properly and evaluate each other. The Kogi governor advised that the media should set the tone of discussion and put merit into consideration for Nigeria of our direction come 2023.“No country, no government can succeed without the media through a just reportage,’’ Bello said.
Bello, who had declared his intention to run as president, was passionate that Nigeria would have a society that would be free of crime if he assumes office as president. He solicited good leadership and urged the media to set the agenda that would portray the kind of leadership the country should have, saying that the media should display patriotism in their reportage.
Bello said that he threw his hat in the ring to give hope to Nigerians, the hopeless and the hopeful ones. The governor recalled that Kogi used to be the, hitherto, crime capital of Nigeria but presently, this had been reversed.
He noted that he had brought the rate of crime totally down in Kogi and promised to replicate same if given a chance to emerge as Nigeria’s president in 2023.He said that President Muhammadu Buhari was doing his best in terms of security.
Bello noted that he had done a lot for the All Progressives Congress (APC), having mobilised 41 million members of the party and still counting. Bello said that it was his intention to make 20 million Nigerians millionaires if he comes on board as Nigeria’s president.
He pointed out that within the limit of Kogi resources, his administration had made 2,000 millionaires. He explained that he had a lot of respect for the founding fathers of APC but noted that he would build on the foundation the founding fathers had laid.
The governor said that Nigeria could record more success if the younger generation would be allowed in the saddle of affairs of the nation. He added that his campaign team was already communicating with more than 21 million Nigerians with their Permanent Voter Cards (PVCs). Bello said if given the opportunity, he would wish to have the first female vice-president.
Going by the various papers presented by Kogi government officials, terrorism, armed robbery, kidnapping, communal clashes and other problems, have become things of the past in the state.
The Director, Research and Strategy, Yahaya Bello Campaign Organisation, Mr Moses Okezie, said that the residents of Kogi could now sleep with their two eyes closed. According to Okezie, the Igala, the Ebira and the Okun are united as well as 10 other minority tribes.
He explained that Kogi was being tagged the “most gender sensitive state or government’’ in Nigeria in carrying the women along. Okezie said that Persons Living With Disabilities (PLWDs) were also well represented in the scheme of affairs of the state.
He added that 54 Nigerians not of Kogi origin were appointees of the governor.Women appointments cut across all cadres, constituting 45 per cent of appointments, including all the 21 vice-chairmen of local governments in the state.
Yahaya Bello Campaign Organisation, led by Sen. Jonathan Zwingina, said the example of success recorded in Kogi is a shining example of the today. The organisation noted that those who had not visited the state’s website or visited the state would not know what is happening in the state.
The organisation predominantly a resuscitation of the late MKO Abiola’s “Hope ‘93’’ campaign team, said that Bello attached more importance to effective education. The campaign team noted that it saw a man who was committed with dreams and this was why everyone that worked in “Hope ‘93’’ is now working for Bello.
The Vice-Chairman of the campaign organisation, Chief Femi Fani-Kayode, said the team had done its research on Bello and overwhelmingly convinced that “he is a man who is courageous, decisive, strong, focused and very clear about what he wants to achieve.’’Fani-Kayode said that Bello’s emphasis had been on the youth and on the women.
The Commissioner for Information in Kogi, Mr Kingsley Fanwo, said that the governor had restored unity, peace and security in Kogi. Analysts, however, noted that in setting an agenda for 2023, the media have a number of hurdles to scale and this includes contending with the ownership influence of “he who pays the piper calls the tune’’.
Analysts also explained that the poor welfare of most journalists might also be an impediment in objectively setting an agenda for 2023 as most journalists are either not on regular wages or are poorly paid.
Finally, pundits also pointed out that inadequate capacity building on the part of journalists might hinder good performance or brilliance in setting an agenda for 2023. All these are germane issues that should be properly looked into in a future seminar so that the media can set the right agenda unbiased and do their work the way it should be done, they observe.(NANFeatures)
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Safeguarding Nigerians against AI Fakes and Digital Fraud
By Tolu Aiyegbusi
As Artificial Intelligence (AI) continues to advance, creating highly realistic voices, faces, and even emotions, Nigerians are becoming vulnerable to scams, identity theft, and privacy violations.
Experts warn that the rapid adoption of AI technology has outpaced regulatory safeguards, leaving individuals vulnerable to digital manipulation.
At the same time, they stress that vigilance, improved digital literacy, and stronger laws can help citizens safeguard their privacy.
AI-generated deepfakes and synthetic media, once the realm of science fiction, have gradually become a powerful tool in the hands of cybercriminals.
According to global projections, deepfake files are expected to grow from approximately 500,000 in 2023 to nearly 8 million by 2025.
Fraud attempts using AI-generated content have surged more than 2,000 per cent over the last three years.
Detecting these digital replicas is extremely difficult, as humans correctly identify fake videos only 24 per cent of the time, according to studies.
Therefore, experts warn that without robust safeguards, AI could be weaponized to manipulate everything from personal finances to political narratives.
In Nigeria, where digital literacy is still developing, these threats are becoming more common.
“Identity hijacks,” in which someone’s likeness is used without their consent, are now becoming a growing concern in Nigeria.
For instance, in one notable case, Fatima Falana, a small business owner in Abuja, wired N50, 000 following a Zoom call she believed came from her former boss.
Unbeknownst to her, the call was an AI-generated deepfake that perfectly replicated her ex-boss’s voice and appearance.
Similarly, Ifeoma Jack, a Lagos-based entrepreneur, transferred N500, 000 after receiving a call from someone impersonating her brother.
“I was shaken,” she said. “I didn’t know what to do”.
These incidents reveal a global trend.
Indeed, in developed markets, surveys indicate that one in four people has received a deep fake voice call in the past year, while nearly a quarter are unsure if they can tell an AI-generated voice from a real one.
Senior citizens are more susceptible, often losing significant sums once deceived.
Moreover, in the United States, AI-related cybercrime cost an estimated $16.6 billion in 2024, marking a 33 per cent increase from 2023.
Across Africa, identity fraud has surged by 167 per cent, with Nigeria contributing a major share of these cases.
Overall, deepfakes now account for about 7 per cent of all fraud attempts, a dramatic rise from near-zero just a few years ago.
Experts say regulatory frameworks have struggled to keep pace with AI’s rapid evolution.
For example, while the EU AI Act, which came into effect in March 2026, mandates clear labeling of AI-generated content, many countries, including Nigeria, are still finalising laws to tackle these emerging threats.
In Nigeria, the National Digital Economy & E-Governance Bill, currently nearing enactment, will empower the National Information Technology Development Agency (NITDA) to shut down non-compliant platforms.
Additionally, it promotes “biometric sovereignty” by exploring blockchain-based proof of personhood protocols to ensure that digital interactions originate from real humans, not AI servers.
Until such measures are fully operational, the burden of privacy protection falls largely on individuals.
Cybersecurity experts emphasise that citizens must adopt practical measures to safeguard their identities.
In particular, families are now using ‘safe words’; or unique phrases spoken only in person to verify identities during phone calls.
Dr Aisha Mohammed, a cybersecurity expert at the University of Abuja, advised that “limit access to your personal data and be wary of suspicious calls, even from familiar voices.
“Use strong passwords, enable two-factor authentication, and keep security software updated.
“Your privacy is compromised when AI can recreate your voice, face, or identity without consent”.
Furthermore, she stressed that public education campaigns are crucial to ensuring citizens understand the evolving threats posed by AI-generated content.
Media experts warn that the impact of deepfakes extends beyond individual financial loss.
Dr James Olabode, a media studies professor at the University of Lagos, noted that the erosion of authenticity threatens public trust in information.
“If people can’t trust what they see or hear, what’s left?” he asked.
In addition, political deepfakes can fuel misinformation, inflame social tensions, and manipulate public opinion.
For instance, in 2022, a video purportedly showing a Nigerian politician making inflammatory remarks went viral, causing widespread outrage, only to be later identified as a deepfake.
Dr Samuel Adeyemi, AI researcher at the African University of Science and Technology, urged citizens to verify information before sharing it online.
“Use fact-checking tools and report any suspicious deepfake content to the authorities. Awareness and early reporting can reduce the impact of these attacks,” he said.
Legal experts stress that personal vigilance must be complemented by strong legislation.
Barrister Emeka Nwosu, a tech policy lawyer in Abuja, explained that digital “breadcrumbs”; from TikTok videos to LinkedIn photos, are being harvested by bots to create near-perfect AI replicas.
“Regulatory frameworks should mandate transparency in AI-generated content, impose penalties for malicious use, and ensure accountability from tech companies,” he said.
While AI offers efficiency and convenience, experts emphasise that citizens must cultivate a culture of digital caution.
Specifically, this includes limiting the sharing of personal information, educating families and employees about AI impersonation risks, and adopting verification measures like safe words or biometric confirmation.
Moreover, organisations handling sensitive data are urged to deploy AI-detection tools, continuously update cybersecurity protocols, and participate in public awareness campaigns.
The rise of AI-generated fakes also presents an opportunity to strengthen regulatory capacity.
Consequently, Nigeria’s government, in collaboration with cybersecurity and tech experts, is exploring national AI guidelines that will require companies to label synthetic media, implement user consent protocols, and report breaches promptly.
Experts believe that such initiatives, combined with public awareness, can reduce the frequency and impact of identity theft, online fraud, and reputational damage.
As AI continues to evolve, Nigerians are at a critical juncture.
By implementing proactive laws, fostering informed citizens, and adopting careful digital practices, the country can navigate this era without compromising privacy and security.
In the meantime, vigilance, skepticism, and strong digital literacy remain the first line of defense against the growing threat of AI-enabled fraud. (NAN)
Medical Misdiagnosis: A Silent Threat in Nigeria’s Healthcare System
By Victor Adeoti
Titiloye Aare’s near-fatal experience with a high blood pressure misdiagnosis highlights a critical flaw in Nigeria’s healthcare system, where medical errors put lives at risk and strain already limited resources.
For many patients in Nigeria, a visit to the hospital is expected to bring relief and healing.
However, growing cases of medical misdiagnosis are raising concerns among experts and patients alike, as wrong diagnoses expose individuals to dangerous treatments and life-threatening complications.
Aare recounted how a wrong diagnosis at a private hospital in February 2025 led to medication that caused her to lose consciousness and nearly cost her life.
She said she was in her shop in Osogbo when she suddenly felt dizzy and fainted while attending to a customer; she was rushed to a nearby private hospital, revived, and later diagnosed with high blood pressure.
Doctors immediately placed her on medication to lower her blood pressure.
However, in April of the same year, she experienced another dizzy spell and again lost consciousness.
She was rushed to a general hospital, where doctors discovered that the medication she had been taking had lowered her blood pressure below normal levels.
“When I asked the doctor why the medication caused me to faint, he explained that it had lowered my blood pressure below the normal range,” she said.
Doctors at the general hospital later informed her that she had been wrongly diagnosed at the first hospital.
Doctors later explained that her condition was vasovagal syncope, a medical condition caused by a sudden drop in heart rate and blood pressure, which reduces blood flow to the brain and leads to a brief loss of consciousness.
They warned that the continued use of medication prescribed to lower blood pressure could have severely reduced blood flow to her heart and brain, potentially resulting in death.
Aare’s experience reflects a growing concern about medical misdiagnosis in Nigeria.
While some patients survive to share their stories, others are not as fortunate.
Medical experts say accurate diagnosis is the foundation of effective healthcare.
When a condition is correctly identified, appropriate treatment can begin promptly, improving recovery and reducing complications.
Yet misdiagnosis—where a patient’s illness is wrongly identified or overlooked—remains a serious but often underreported problem in many parts of Nigeria.
In some cases, patients receive treatment for illnesses such as malaria or typhoid when the actual condition may be bacterial infections, viral diseases, or chronic conditions.
Misdiagnosis occurs when a healthcare professional incorrectly identifies a disease, delays its identification, or fails to detect it entirely.
This may result in wrong treatment or no treatment at all, often leading to prolonged illness, worsening conditions, unnecessary financial costs, and sometimes death.
A Consultant Paediatrician at Osun State University Teaching Hospital, Dr Funmi Adesokan, said many hospitals, particularly public ones, lacked the diagnostic equipment needed for accurate patient evaluation.
“This leads to delays in diagnosis or the inability to make a conclusive diagnosis. Public-private partnerships may help provide equipment, but improved government funding is essential,” she said.
Adesokan, however, cautioned that isolated mistakes should not define the entire healthcare system.
Similarly, a gynaecologist, Dr Nurudeen Iyanda, said many hospitals and clinics lacked modern diagnostic equipment required for accurate diagnosis.
“Many modern diagnostic tools, such as advanced laboratory equipment, imaging machines, and reliable testing facilities, are not available in many hospitals.
“Without proper equipment, healthcare providers often rely on symptoms alone, increasing the chances of error,” he said.
Dr Adeniyi Fasanu, Chairman of the Nigerian Medical Association (NMA) in Osun, said misdiagnosis is also fueled by a shortage of manpower.
“Many medical professionals have left the country due to poor remuneration and insecurity, leaving remaining doctors overworked and overstretched.
“The shortage has also created opportunities for unqualified individuals to operate medical facilities and treat unsuspecting patients.
“This is creating havoc in the health system,” he said.
Fasanu noted that the WHO recommends a doctor-to-patient ratio of 1:600, but in Nigeria one doctor may serve up to 2,500 patients.
He added that many government hospitals relied on obsolete equipment, making it difficult for doctors to practise effectively, and appealed to the government to prioritise the health sector and welfare of medical personnel.
On legal remedies, a lawyer, Mr Albert Akinwale, said victims of wrong diagnosis can seek redress in court under Nigerian law.
According to Akinwale, sections 303 and 343 of the Criminal Code provide that any act of negligence that endangers life or causes harm could attract criminal liability.
He said victims could also rely on the law of tort to claim medical negligence, breach of duty of care, and compensation for pain, suffering, and financial losses.
“Victims are protected under various provisions of Nigerian law, including the Criminal Code, Penal Code, and civil laws on negligence.
“Sections 15 and 16 of the Medical and Dental Practitioners Act provide for disciplinary procedures, including warnings, suspension, or striking off a doctor’s name from the medical register.
“The Medical and Dental Council of Nigeria (MDCN) also has the authority to discipline erring practitioners”, he said.
Akinwale urged patients who suspect misdiagnosis to seek a second medical opinion and explore legal or regulatory remedies where harm has occurred.
Public affairs analyst, Mr Olusegun Ayanda, said addressing misdiagnosis required coordinated efforts from government, healthcare institutions, and medical professionals.
Ayanda stressed the need for improved diagnostic infrastructure, investment in modern laboratories and equipment, continuous professional development programmes for healthcare workers, and recruitment of more professionals to reduce patient-to-doctor ratios.
Similarly, the Chief Medical Director of the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching Hospital Complex (OAUTHC), Ile-Ife, called on the Federal Government to increase funding for the healthcare sector and improve the availability of modern medical equipment.
Okeniyi said the sector had long suffered from inadequate funding, resulting in limited resources for upgrading equipment, purchasing new medical supplies, and maintaining existing infrastructure.
According to him, the healthcare system requires adequate supplies, improved infrastructure, and a comprehensive overhaul of the remuneration structure for health personnel to align with global best practices.
The CMD noted that if indeed “health is wealth,” the country must invest more in the sector and implement mandatory continuous professional development programmes for healthcare workers to keep them updated with the latest medical knowledge and best practices.
Medical experts say misdiagnosis has consequences beyond individual patients. Families may spend significant sums on treatments that fail to address the actual illness.
Although misdiagnosis is a serious challenge, experts say it can be reduced through investment in medical infrastructure, improved training, stronger healthcare policies, and increased public awareness.
Obtaining an accurate diagnosis, as experts emphasise, is vital for effective treatment; it builds public confidence in Nigeria’s healthcare system and ensures citizens remain safe and healthy. (NAN)
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Enugu’s New Gaming Law Signals: A Turning Point for Nigeria’s Gaming Regulation
By Ejiofo Agada
Enugu State has introduced one of the most comprehensive and forward-looking gaming regulatory frameworks in Nigeria with the enactment of its new Gaming and Lottery Commission Law. Far from a routine legislative update, the law establishes a practical, enforcement-driven system designed to address long-standing gaps in the regulation of gaming activities at subnational level.
As gaming continues to expand rapidly across Nigeria—spanning retail outlets, online platforms, and emerging digital formats—many regulatory frameworks have struggled to keep pace.
Enugu’s new law responds to this challenge by prioritizing visibility, compliance, and consumer protection, while creating room for innovation under clear regulatory oversight.One of the law’s most notable features is the introduction of a mandatory Gaming Approval Sign, which must be prominently displayed by all licensed operators. This requirement provides an immediate and visible way to distinguish licensed gaming outlets from illegal operations. For consumers, it offers a simple assurance of legitimacy. For regulators and law enforcement agencies, it simplifies identification and enforcement, reducing the ambiguity that has historically enabled illegal operators to thrive.
The law also establishes a structured Gaming Inspectorate with clearly defined statutory powers. Under this framework, designated monitoring and inspection officers are authorised to enter licensed premises, inspect gaming equipment, audit records, question suspected violators, and take enforcement action where necessary.
By granting legal immunity to inspectors acting in good faith, the law strengthens regulatory authority and ensures that enforcement is not undermined by intimidation or procedural loopholes.
Beyond compliance and enforcement, the new law places strong emphasis on social responsibility. It creates the Enugu State Gaming and Lottery Commission Charitable Trust Fund, funded primarily through unclaimed winnings and statutory good-cause contributions from licensed operators. The Trust Fund is dedicated to supporting education, health, psychological services, and other public-interest initiatives approved under the law.
This approach marks a shift in how gaming revenue is treated. Rather than relying on voluntary corporate social responsibility initiatives, the law embeds social impact directly into the regulatory framework, ensuring that gaming activities contribute measurably to community development and public welfare.
Crucially, the law is designed with the future of gaming in mind. It explicitly provides for the regulation of online and remote gaming, e-sports, virtual and augmented reality platforms, and blockchain-based gaming. By granting the Commission authority to license and regulate emerging technologies, the framework avoids the rigidity that has limited older gaming laws and positions Enugu to respond effectively to innovation without frequent legislative amendments.
The law also strengthens consumer protection through provisions on responsible gaming, data protection, underage gaming prevention, and transparent display of rules, odds, and winnings. These measures align Enugu’s framework with evolving international standards while reflecting local regulatory realities.
At a national level, the Enugu State Gaming Law enters the spotlight amid ongoing debates over the structure of gaming regulation in Nigeria, particularly the balance between federal oversight and state-level control. Enugu’s approach offers a practical model for decentralised regulation that is both robust and modern, combining visible compliance mechanisms, empowered enforcement, and structured social accountability.
In effect, the Enugu State Gaming and Lottery Commission Law goes beyond regulating gaming within the state. It establishes a benchmark for credible, transparent, and future-ready gaming regulation—one that other states, and potentially federal policymakers, may increasingly look to as Nigeria’s gaming sector continues to evolve.
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Press Release
TOP10 MAGAZINE NAMES DANU AS 2025 MAN OF THE YEAR
Nasiru Danu, OFR, Chairman of Casiva Limited and founder of NHD Foundation, has been named as
The Top10 Magazine’s Man of the Year 2025. He emerged from among many other distinguished personalities in a multi-stage rigorous selection and screening process.
In a letter conveying Alhaji Danu’s selection as the Man of the Year 2025, the Board of Editors of the Magazine said it was in recognition of his milestone accomplishments in the business world as well as his philanthropic gestures of touching lives in different ways. These, the givers of the award said, clearly stand him out not only as a father of compassion, but Nigeria’s philanthropic leader of the year 2025.
“We consider your successful journey in the business world and your record of service to humanity as a clear demonstration of your ranking as a great leader of excellence worthy of commendation, hence the decision of our management to accord you this special recognition as the Top10 Magazine’s Man of the Year 2025,” the letter said.
In his latest demonstration of philanthropy, Danu, the Sardaunan Dutse, in May 2025, extended his good deeds to the Jama’atu Izalatil Bid’ah Wa’iqamatis Sunnah (JIBWIS) Islamic Centre as he commissioned a N150 million project at the Centre in Abuja. The project is a furnished 11-room building that will serve as the Imam’s residence at the Islamic Centre in the Guzape area of Abuja. It was named in memory of his late father, Haladu Danu.
The Top10 Magazine is a monthly publication established in 2016 as a platform to celebrate excellence and people of excellence from all human endeavours.
The Top10 Man of the Year Award was also instituted the same year as an annual award by the magazine to recognize and honour one outstanding personality in a given year that has recorded landmark accomplishments in the Nigerian society.
This year’s recipient, Alhaji Danu, a man of untainted character and impeccable reputation, is renowned for his unwavering commitment to success. The Chairman and CEO of Casiva Limited consistently strikes gold in every venture he undertakes and has since solidified his status as a true titan of the oil and gas industry who navigates its complexities with the expertise derived from years of experience. Apart from his involvement in philanthropy and Casiva Limited, Alh. Danu is also involved in other organizations. This includes NHD Interbiz Projects Limited, a construction and civil engineering company, Chairman, Yenagoa Polo Club, Chairman, Nigerian Army Polo Resort, reflecting his diverse interests, member Board of Trustee Nigerian Army Polo, Chairman, NHD Farms Ltd, Chairman, Lubrik Construction Company.
Mr. Tony Iji, Publisher/Editor-In-Chief of The Top10 Magazine, said the award will be presented to Alhaji Danu at The Top10 Magazine’s Annual Excellence Awards night slated for December 7, 2025 which will be graced by crème de la crème of the society.
To mark this high-profile event, the magazine is putting together a special award edition to celebrate him and other awardees. The edition will chronicle in detail all his milestone accomplishments as an industry leader, philanthropist as well as his career and personal antecedents.


