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Adoption of Progressive Tax Regime will Tackle Inequality, Poverty-CSOs

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A coalition of more than 17 Civil Society Organisations (CSOs) have called for the adoption of progressive taxation regime to curb inequality, poverty, and food insecurity in the country.

The CSOs at a two-day National Tax Summit Organised by the Tax Justice and Governance Platform (TJGP) on Thursday, in Abuja said that the call became imperative because retrogressive tax system was creating poverty and inequality in wealth.

Progressive taxation means higher tax rates for those with higher income or more wealth, so that those who earn or have more are taxed at a higher rate.

Dr Otive Igbuzor, Founding Executive, African Centre for Leadership Strategy and Development (Centre LSD) in his key note address on the West Africa inequality crisis said inequality was one of the greatest challenges facing mankind.

According to Otive, Oxfam and Development Finance International (DFI) report “The West Africa Inequality Crisis: Fighting Austerity and the Pandemic” revealed that the pandemic and poor policy responses worsened inequality and poverty crisis in West Africa.

He said that the Oxfam report on inequality in Nigeria documented that the main drivers of inequality were retrogressive taxation; poor budgeting system and allocation among others.

“The report also prescribed policy solutions which included pro-poor laws and policies; progressive taxation; combating corruption; addressing political elite capture; supporting small scale farmers and promoting and encouraging active citizenship.

“These diagnostics and policy prescriptions are still valid.

“Oxfam studies have documented that there are three proven areas to reduce inequality significantly:one, public services, looking at education, health and social protection.

“Secondly, taxation, looking at how progressive structures are on paper and in practice and thirdly, worker’s rights with a particular focus on women’s rights,’’ he said.

Otive said that similarly, development theorists and practitioners agreed that to improve the quality of life of citizens require focus on four areas of infrastructure, agriculture, education and health.

He said that the report also prescribed policy solutions which included pro-poor laws and policies; progressive taxation; combating corruption; addressing political elite capture; supporting small scale farmers and promoting and encouraging active citizenship.

“These diagnostics and policy prescriptions are still valid, ’he said

Mr Victor Arokoyo, Senior Programme Coordinator, Christian Aid, said the summit was organised because CSOs were concerned about fiscal responsibility of government and how to generate more revenue for sustainable development.

Arokoyo said that there was need for equitable and fair tax system so CSOs were interested in how the government utilised resources they get from tax and ensuring that there should be accountability in how they collect tax.

He said that CSOs were also interested in pushing the campaign beyond just encouraging people to pay tax to insisting on fair and equitable taxation system.

`Today we are looking at the report of inequality wealth in West Africa, what are the factors that push people into poverty? Again taxation is one of them.

“If we keep on using regressive tax, you are likely going to push more people into poverty, so we are for progressive taxation,we want people to be taxed according to their wealth.

“We want people that are rich to pay more not the poor paying more than rich people,’’he said
Mr Kenneth Okoineme, from Action Aid, said that it was a known fact that the nation was struggling with resource mobilisation to fund development.

Okoineme, therefore, said that the summit was geared towards looking at the alternatives paths that the government could take to guarantee sustainable financing for development.

According to him, the CSOs think that these pathways exist and can be achieved foremost through fair and progressive taxation.

“So, government needs to take action around the unwarranted granting of tax incentives, we are all witnesses to the Pandora papers which is an indication that tax avoidance and tax evasion is still happening.

“Therefore, we are hoping that the government can begin to look at these issues critically and see how it can strengthen the tax architecture to mobilise the needed resources,’’ he said.

Okoineme said that government in its 2022 budget projection talked about improving the revenue to GDP of the government from the present eight per cent that it is to around 15 per cent by 2025.

He said if that was the aspiration of the government then it should take the necessary steps to achieve it and not just pay lip service.

Mr Henry Ushie , Oxfam International Nigeria Campaign lead on inequality, said that the organisation believed that the issue of poverty was rooted in inequality such that if Nigeria was able to stop all the issues of inequality and end all its drivers poverty would be reduced.

“So, we focus on investment in key sectors that would help to reduce poverty in all its dimensions.”
According to Ushie, when government make commitments towards these various sectors, it actually shows that they are committed towards reducing poverty in all its dimension particularly on food security.(NAN)

Economy

SEC Advocates Advanced Financial Inclusion by 2030

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By Tony Obiechina, Abuja

The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has stressed the need for Nigeria to harness its demographic dividend to advance financial inclusion through investments by 2030 for national survival or face deepening inequality.

The Director-General of the SEC, Dr Emomotimi Agama said this at the United Capital Asset Management Investment forum on Wednesday in Lagos.

Agama, in his keynote address titled: “Advancing Financial Inclusion through Investments: Bridging

Nigeria’s Knowledge and Wealth Gap,” said Nigeria must harness its demographic dividend to boost investment.

“Our theme, Advancing Financial Inclusion through Investments, is not aspirational; it is foundational to national survival.

“We stand at a pivotal moment. By 2030, Nigeria can either harness its demographic dividend or face deepening inequality. The knowledge-wealth gap is not merely an economic challenge; it is a moral imperative,” Agama said.

He said the term inclusion should be reframed as active financial involvement, where access meets empowerment, and capital becomes a tool for transformation.

Agama said that closing the financial inclusion gender gap could lift 700,000 Nigerians from poverty.

He said, “Nigeria has a great population yet we have a tiny drop of this number of persons involved in the capital market.

“That one reason for poverty, because we are running from money. We have to do something. Our market capitalisation is an opportunity to do something,

We all have

“We need to change the narrative and move the market forward. We must reach out to make the difference. We are committed to protecting investors and developing the market. Our goal is to do the right thing no matter whose ox is gored. We will work by the principles of fairness and equity to change the market. We will provide a fair ground for everyone to aspire.

He noted that MTN Nigeria’s share offering drew 150,000 new investors – 75 per cent women, 85 per cent under 40.

Agama recommended a four-pillar strategy for bridging the gaps.

He listed the four-pillar strategy as democratisation of financial knowledge, catalyse MSME Investment Channels, blended Finance Vehicles: Partner with Bank of Industry (BOI) to de-risk loans for women-led SMEs.

“We need to educate people about finances. As we drive this market, we do so for a purpose, I enjoin everyone to be the disciple and the apostles. Getting this market to move is a deliberate action,” he added.

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Economy

NPA Assures of Over N1.27trn Revenue in 2025

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By Ubong Ukpong, Abuja

The Nigerian Ports Authority (NPA) on Monday assured that it would take into the coffers massive revenue of over N1.27 trillion in 2025, representing a 40 percent increase from the N894.86 billion it realized in 2024.

This ambitious target, the Authority said, was anchored on sweeping modernization efforts, the full activation of the Dangote Refinery’s marine operations, and the deployment of cutting-edge technology to enhance port efficiency.

Managing Director of the NPA, Abubakar Dantsoho, disclosed this in a presentation during his agency’s budget defence session wih the House of Representatives Committee on Ports and Harbours, where he defended the agency’s 2025 budget estimates and provided insights into its 2024 performance.

“Our 2025 budget proposal is more than figures, it reflects our aspirations for a more efficient, globally competitive port system,” Dantsoho told lawmakers, adding that over 70% of the proposed expenditure will go into capital projects.

For 2024, the Authority surpassed its revenue target of N865.39 billion, posting an actual realization of N894.86 billion.

However, Dantsoho revealed that only N417.86 billion, less than half of the approved N850.92 billion expenditure, had been spent as of the time of reporting.

Despite this, NPA made a record contribution of N400.8 billion to the Consolidated Revenue Fund (CRF) in 2024, nearly double the N213.23 billion remitted in 2023. Of this amount, a staggering N344.7 billion was deducted at source.

“This shows our unwavering commitment to national revenue generation, even when our own operational liquidity is affected,” the NPA boss stressed.

Dantsoho said the projected revenue increase is premised on several key assumptions and developments, including: The full operation of the Dangote Refinery, which alone is expected to draw in over 600 vessels annually through its Single Point Mooring (SPM) system; the commissioning of upgraded terminals at WACT and OMT, which will enhance container traffic; the implementation of automation tools such as the National Single Window, Port Community System (PCS), and Vessel Traffic Management System (VTMS); and increased cargo volumes stemming from global disruptions, including the Russia-Ukraine conflict, which has affected global trade routes.

He said the 2025 revenue is expected to come from the following key sources: Ship Dues, N544.06 billion; Cargo Dues, N413.06 billion; Concession Fees, N249.69 billion; and Administrative Revenue, N73.07 billion

Of the proposed N1.14 trillion total expenditure for 2025, N778.46 billion is earmarked for capital projects.

This investment, he said, will target the revitalization of critical infrastructure, including the Calabar, Warri, and Burutu ports and channels, and enhance towage services, channel depth, and compliance with international security conventions.

“Investments in infrastructure and technology are non-negotiable if we are to stay competitive regionally and globally,” Dantsoho emphasized.

He cited increasing competition from neighboring ports and aging assets across Nigeria’s coastal corridors.

The NPA also intends to address technology gaps by upgrading legacy systems and bolstering cybersecurity, ensuring Nigerian ports meet global standards for digital operations.

“We can say that with timely access to internally generated revenue and capital funds NPA would deliver the kind of impact Nigeria expects,” he said.

Chairman of the Committee, Hon. Nnolim Nnaji, urged the NPA to ramp up performance, improve port infrastructure, and play a greater role in addressing Nigeria’s revenue and unemployment challenges.

Nnaji said the ports remain a critical pillar of Nigeria’s economy, and urged the agency to meet rising expectations despite operational challenges.

“No country can thrive economically without high-performing ports. They are the economic heartbeat of every nation, determining how buoyant a country is through the flow of imports and exports,” Hon Nnaji said.

The committee praised NPA for its performance.

Nnaji stressed that the NPA’s performance has implications beyond maritime activity, noting that increased port output can significantly boost job creation across several sectors.

“The Nigerian Ports Authority is not just a revenue-generating agency, it is a national asset in terms of employment and economic impact.

“We expect to see detailed strategies on how to improve revenue generation and expand employment opportunities through your 2025 budget,” he said.

The lawmaker also pointed to growing interest in the development of new ports across the country but cautioned against neglecting existing port infrastructure.

“As we welcome investment in new ports, we must not abandon the old ones. Maintaining and upgrading our existing ports, both in the Eastern Corridor and the Western axis, is essential to long-term sustainability,” he added.

The Committee called for a clear outline from the NPA on how its 2025 financial plan will address pressing national concerns and reaffirm Nigeria’s competitiveness in regional and global maritime trade.

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Economy

Senate Sets N10trn Revenue Target for NCS, Urges Agency to Curb Smuggling, Illicit Drugs

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By Eze Okechukwu, Abuja

The Senate, through its Committee on Customs has set a revenue target of N10 trillion for the Nigeria Customs Service for the 2025 fiscal year, instead of the initial N6.584 trillion given to her earlier on while urging the agency to clamp down on smuggling and Illicit drugs.

The Chairman of the Committee, Senator Isah Jibrin (Kogi East), who gave the agency the marching order yesterday in Abuja during the budget defence of the revenue driving agency however commended her for exceeding its 2024 revenue target of N5.

079 trillion.

The NCS team led by Deputy Comptroller General, Jibo Bello who represented the Comptroller General presented the 2024 budget performance with a revenue target of N5.

079 trillion, stressing that the proposal was exceeded by over a trillion naira.

The Committee, obviously impressed by the performance commended NCS before asking them to go ahead and present the 2025 budget proposal, which the agency tied at N6.584 trillion revenue target with an expenditure of N1.132 trillion.

Following their presentation, members of the Senate Committee on Customs unanimously approved the recommendation of the revenue target of N6.584 trillion and the expenditure of N1.132 trillion for the 2025 financial year.

The Committee will subsequently present the budget proposal to the Senate at plenary most likely this week as the red chamber resumes today after a long recess tied to Eid celebration.

In his final remarks, Senator Jibrin emphasised the need for the NCS to rise up in terms of its surveillance with respect to illicit drugs and smuggling “to ensure that, as much as possible, you should be on top of your game”.

He said there are so many illicit drugs flowing all over the place, which according to him “is contributing to the issue of banditry in Nigeria because most of these guys are on drugs. What I’m saying is that, in addition to your revenue drives, you should also be mindful of some of these other functions.

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