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Assessing Nigeria’s Drive towards an Open Defecation-free Nation

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By Tosin Kolade

In Ungwar Mallam, a community in Dugabau Ward, Kabo Local Government in Kano State, by-laws exist which prescribe payment of fine for anyone found publicly defecating.

This has made it possible for defaulters paying N5,000 fine as a deterrent for others.

On a visit to the community, one would observe the presence of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Committee (WASHCOM) members.

They have been trained as hygiene ambassadors, to carry out sustainable hygiene practices in many communities.

From encouraging community members to build and use their toilets, to monitoring usage, this has reduced the previous practice of open defecation.

In Maikalwa Yanma, a community under Nai’bawa ward, Kumbotso LGA, Hayatuddin Safiyo said since the introduction of the UNICEF-supported Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) programme, many communities have imbibed hygiene practices.

Safiyo said such practices included the introduction of innovations to manage water and food contamination through feaces, proper waste disposals and covering toilets with tightly-fitted drop hole covers.

This, he said, has been reflected with low records of preventable diseases and deaths, especially among under-five children.

Safiyo says communities now practice safety and hygiene by avoiding excreta contamination of water sources and adhering to the rule.

“There is a very big impact, let us take the previous year. In the previous year, there was not much rainfall, and the high rate of sickness was pronounced.

“In comparison with this year, the rainfall is high, much rainfall, but the rate of sickness is very low, considering the sensitisation, the knowledge of the hygiene programme,” he said.

Data from UNICEF showed that Nigeria was among the nations in the world with the highest number of people practising open defecation, estimated at over 47 million.

The practice has had a negative effect on the populace, especially children, in the areas of health and education and has contributed to the country’s failure to meet the MDG target.

The sanitation situation in the country prompted the National Council on Water Resources in 2014 to prioritize the development of a roadmap towards eliminating open defecation in the country, in line with the United Nations global campaign for ending open defecation.

This initiative tagged “Making Nigeria Open Defecation Free by 2025: A National Roadmap” was developed by the Federal Ministry of Water Resources with invaluable support from UNICEF and other key sector players across Nigeria.

In 2016, the National Council on Water Resources endorsed this road map as a means to eliminate open defecation in Nigeria.

The road map provides a guide towards achieving an open defecation free country using different approaches such as capacity development and promotion of improved technology options through sanitation marketing.

It stipulates the provision of sanitation facilities in public places; Community -Led Total Sanitation; promotional and media campaigns; creating enabling environment and coordination mechanism.

At the same time, many states have keyed into this road map with many activities to promote the building and using of toilets towards ending open defecation.

For this reason, the Director, FCT Rural Water Supply and Sanitation Agency (RUWASSA), Dr. Mohammed Dan-Hassan, said it was constructing 10,000 public toilets in strategic locations across the territory.

Dan-Hassan noted that this became necessary following President Muhammadu Buhari’s declaration of a state of emergency on open defecation in the 36 states of the Federation including the FCT.

He explained that in actualisation of the president’s directives, the construction of the toilets was one of the road maps to end open defecation in the territory by 2025.

The RUWASSA head sadly noted that with the 300 approved contractors, only 10 toilets had been built so far, with work ongoing at 65 other sites.

Dan-Hassan said that RUWASSA has a target of 2023 to eradicate open defecation in the FCT, saying lack of cooperation among relevant agencies like schools and medical facilities are its challenges.

However, many programmes have been introduced to make this national target a reality with the signing of the Executive Order 009 by President Buhari and the formation of the Clean Nigeria: Use the Toilet Campaign Secretariat.

Also, with the recent right given to Nigeria to host the 2022 World Toilet Summit in November, many are of the opinion that this would give the country the needed traction towards overcoming its sanitation challenges.

Mr Jack Sim, Founder of the World Toilet Organisation (WTO), while making the announcement, said the summit would be a great opportunity to showcase the extensive efforts of the Federal Government of Nigeria and also to drive the intended change.

Mrs Caterina De Albuquerque, Chief Executive Officer, Sanitation and Water for All (SWA), pointed out that sanitation was at one time not discussed and almost forgotten globally.

De Albuquerque applauded the leadership of Nigeria, for prioritising Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, adding that Nigeria’s example would inspire other African countries to follow suit.

“I applaud the decision to choose Nigeria as a host country for this important summit. Their focus on water and sanitation issues has been exemplary, with strong displays of political will at the highest levels of government.

“While progress has been hampered by COVID-19, their resolve to tackle open defecation, improve hygiene and provide access to clean drinking water is inspirational to other countries across the continent,” she said.

Dr Nicholas Igwe, National Coordinator, Organised Private Sector in Water, Sanitation and Hygiene, said that the choice of Nigeria for the summit was a clear endorsement of the commitment and political will of the Federal Government towards Water, Sanitation and Hygiene delivery in Nigeria.

Igwe indicates that the private sector has a critical role to play in driving the sanitation economy while also facilitating job creation.

He said the organised private sector has partnered with the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission, to mobilize two million Nigerians outside the country to adopt a toilet each for a household.

Igwe said that the measure was a multi -stakeholder approach designed to help the Federal Government put an end to open defecation in the country and also promote a healthy and disease free environment.

“We, the organised private sector in WASH recognize the importance of assisting the government based on the strong political will that has been shown.

“We have gone ahead to partner with the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission to mobilise two million Nigerians outside the country to adopt a toilet each for a household,” he said.

The Minister of Water Resources, Mr Suleiman Adamu, says that the selection of Nigeria as the host country for 2022 World Toilet Summit is a welcome development.

Adamu said that the choice of Nigeria to host the summit is coming at a period when Nigeria has made concrete plans to exit from the comity of nations practising open defecation.

The Minister recalled that the Open Defecation Free (ODF) Campaign was launched in November 2019, and was aimed at mobilising high level political support, resources and the entire populace towards building a new culture of safe sanitation.

He acknowledges that Nigeria needs all necessary support to ensure that the ODF Campaign gains traction with all stakeholders playing their part.

“I am optimistic that the World Toilet Summit will provide a veritable platform for mobilisation of the private sector and other critical stakeholders in addressing the challenge of Open Defecation in the country,” Adamu said.

Nevertheless, some experts say the upcoming summit will give Nigeria the needed push if new sanitation technologies will be introduced in a sustainable and cost-effective manner.

They said having an enabling environment, leadership and coordination is required in achieving a defecation-free target.

They added that working together with communities, civil society, development agencies, private sector and government at sub-national levels is crucial.

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Yahaya Bello to Spend Christmas, New Year in Kuje Prison

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By Mike Odiakose, Abuja

Immediate past governor of Kogi State, Yahaya Bello will spend the 2024 Christmas and 2025 New Year days in Kuje prison, Abuja, following refusal of his bail application by the Federal Capital Territory High Court.

Justice Maryann Anenih yesterday adjourned the case until Jan.

29, Feb. 25, and Feb. 27, 2025 for the continuation of the hearing.

The former governor is standing trial, along with two others, in an N110 billion money laundering charge brought against him by the Economic and Financial Crimes Commission (EFCC).

Justice Anenih had refused to grant a bail application filed by Bello, saying it was filed prematurely.

The judge admitted Umar Oricha and Abdulsalam Hudu, to bail in the sum of N 300 million each with two sureties.

Justice Anenih, while delivering a ruling said, having been filed when Bello was neither in custody nor before the court, the instant application was incompetent.

“Consequently, the instant application having been filed prematurely is hereby refused,” she said.

Recalling the arguments before the court on the bail application, the judge had said, “before the court is a motion on notice, dated and filed on Nov. 22.

“The 1st Defendant seeks an order of this honourable court admitting him to bail pending the hearing and determination of the charge.

“That he became aware of the instant charge through the public summons. That he is a two-term governor of Kogi State. That if released on bail, he would not interfere with the witnesses and not jump bail.”

She said the Defendant’s Counsel, JB Daudu, SAN, had told the court that he had submitted sufficient facts to grant the bail.

He urged the court to exercise its discretion judicially and judiciously to grant the bail.

Opposing the bail application, the Prosecution Counsel, Kemi Pinheiro, SAN, argued that the instant application was grossly incompetent, having been filed before arraignment.

He said it ought to be filed after arraignment but the 1st Defendant’s Counsel disagreed, saying there was no authority

“That says that an application can only be filed when it is ripe for hearing.”

Justice Anenih held that the instant application for bail showed that it was filed several days after the 1st defendant was taken into custody.”

Citing the ACJA, the judge said the provision provided that an application for bail could be made when a defendant had been arrested, detained, arraigned or brought before the court.

Bello had filed an application for his bail on November 22 but was taken into custody on November 26 and arraigned on Nov. 27.

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Middle Belt Group Tasks FG on Resettlement, Safety of IDPs

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From Jude Dangwam, Jos

Conference of Autochthonous Ethnic Nationalities Community Development Association (CONAECDA) has called on the federal government to intensify efforts in the resettlement of displaced persons in their ancestral homes.

The organization made this call at the end of its conference held in Jos, the Plateau State Capital weekend.

Thirty resolutions were passed covering security, economy, politics, governance, culture, languages, human rights and indigenous peoples’ rights among others.

The Conference President, Samuel Achie and Secretary Suleman Sukukum in a communique noted that the conference received and discussed reports from communities based on which resolutions were reached on securing, reconstruction, rehabilitation and returning communities displaced by violence across the Middle Belt.

“After considering the reports from communities displaced by violent conflicts, conference resolved, and called on government to focus on providing security to deter further displacements.

“Call on government to provide security to enable communities to return. Government and donor partners should assist in reconstructing and returning displaced communities,” the communique stated.

The GOC 3 Armoured Division Nigeria Army represented by Lt Col Abdullahi Mohammed said the Nigerian Army is committed to working closely with communities to achieve a crime-free society, urging communities to support them with credible information.

“Security is a collective effort, and we cannot do it alone, the community plays a crucial role in ensuring safety.

“We urge everyone here not to shield or protect individuals involved in criminal activities. Transparency and collaboration, together, with maximum cooperation, we can achieve peace, security, and prosperity for our society,” the GOC stated.

The National Coordinator of CONECDA, Dr. Zuwaghu Bonat in his address at the gathering noted that the theme of this year’s program, Returning, Resettling, and Rehabilitating Displaced Communities, was chosen as a wakeup call on the federal government.

He maintained that the organization is aware that President Bola Tinubu has expressed a commitment to ensuring that displaced communities return to their ancestral lands.

He said similarly, some state governments, including Plateau State, have set up committees to address the lingering matter.

The coordinator however cautioned, “It is critical that we avoid generalizations or profiling. For instance, Not all Muslims are involved in terrorism. The overwhelming majority of Muslims in Nigeria are peaceful and reject extremist ideologies. 

“We also know that some terrorists exploit religion to mobilize support or rationalize their actions. However, their atrocities – slaughtering women, cutting open pregnant mothers, and killing children show a profound disregard for humanity and God. Normal human beings would not commit such acts. 

“We must also be cautious about lumping banditry with terrorism. While statistics indicate that many bandits and kidnappers may share similar ethnic backgrounds, kidnapping has now evolved into a profit-driven enterprise. This distinction is vital to address the root causes effectively,” he stated.

The Governor of Plateau State, Caleb Mutfwang represented by his Senior Special Assistant (SSA) on Middle Belt Nationalities, Hon Daniel Kwada noted that the conference was apt to addressed the various underlying issues bedeviling the region and its people.

“We in the Middle Belt have long been standing at the crossroads of Nigeria’s complex history. Despite our tireless efforts to stabilize this nation, we have faced immense challenges, including underdevelopment, security issues, and marginalization.

“Often, we are unfairly maligned, but gatherings like this offer a chance to change the narrative. 

“Such conferences set the tone for better discussions. They allow us to drive processes that bring development, ensure security, and elevate our people to greater heights,” Mutfwang noted.

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Recapitalisation: SEC Charges Banks to Strengthen Corporate Governance

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Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) has called on banks to reinforce their corporate governance principles and risk management frameworks to boost investor confidence during the ongoing recapitalisation exercise.

Dr Emomotimi Agama, Director-General, SEC, said this at the yearly workshop of the Capital Market Correspondents Association of Nigeria (CAMCAN) held in Lagos.

The theme of the workshop is: “Recapitalisation: Bridging the Gap between Investors and Issuers in the Nigerian Capital Market”.

Agama, represented by the Divisional Head of Legal and Enforcement at the SEC, Mr John Achile, stated that the 2024–2026 banking sector recapitalisation framework offers clear guidance for issuers while prioritising the protection of investors’ interests

He restated the commission’s commitment towards ensuring transparency and efficiency in the recapitalisation process.

The director-general stated that the key to bridging the gap between issuers and investors remained the harnessing of innovation for inclusive growth.

In view of this, Agama said, “SEC, through the aid of digital platform, is exploring the integration of blockchain technology for secure and transparent transaction processing to redefine trust in the market.”

He added that the oversubscription of most recapitalisation offers in 2024 reflects strong investor confidence.

To sustain this momentum, the director-general said that SEC had intensified efforts to enhance disclosure standards and corporate governance practices.

According to him, expanding financial literacy campaigns and collaborating with fintech companies to provide low-entry investment options will democratise access to the capital market.

He assured stakeholders of the commission’s steadfastness in achieving its mission of creating an enabling environment for seamless and transparent capital formation.

 “Our efforts are anchored on providing issuers with clear guidelines and maintaining open lines of communication with all market stakeholders, reducing bureaucratic bottlenecks through digitalisation.

“We also ensure timely review and approval of applications, and enhancing regulatory oversight to protect investors while promoting market integrity,” he added.

Agama listed constraints to the exercise to include: addressing market volatility, systemic risks, limited retail participation as well as combating skepticism among investors who demand greater transparency and accountability.

He said: “We are equally presented with opportunities which include leveraging technology to deepen financial inclusion and enhance market liquidity.

“It also involves developing innovative financial products, such as green bonds and sukuk, to attract diverse investor segments.

“The success of recapitalisation efforts depends on collaboration among regulators, issuers, and investors.”

Speaking on market infrastructure at the panel session, Achile said SEC provides oversight to every operations in the market, ranging from technology innovations to market.

He stated that the commission is committed to transparency and being  mindful of the benefits and risks associated with technology adoption.

Achile noted that SEC does due diligence to all the innovative ideas that comes into the market to ensure adequate compliance with the requirements.

On the rising unclaimed dividend figure, Achile blamed the inability of investors to comply with regulatory requirements and information gap.

He noted that SEC had done everything within its powers to ensure that investors receive their dividend at the appropriate time.

He, however, assured that the commission would continue to strengthen its dual role of market regulation and investor protection to boost confidence in the market.

In her welcome address, the Chairman of CAMCAN, Mrs Chinyere Joel-Nwokeoma, said banks’ recapitalisation is not just a regulatory requirement, but an opportunity to rebuild trust, strengthen the capital market, and drive sustainable growth.

Joel-Nwokeoma stated that the recent recapitalisation in the banking sector had brought to the fore the need for a more robust and inclusive capital market.

She added that as banks seek to strengthen their balance sheets and improve their capital adequacy ratios, it is imperative to create an environment that fosters trust, transparency, and cooperation between investors and issuers.

The chairman called for collaboration to bridge the gap between investors and issuers to create a more inclusive and vibrant Nigerian capital market.She said: “we must work together to strengthen corporate governance and risk management practices in banks, enhance disclosure and transparency requirements for issuers.” NAN

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