Economy
FIRS Chairman seeks Review of Tax Incentive Schemes.

By Tony Obiechina Abuja.
The Executive Chairman of the Federal Inland Revenue Service (FIRS) Zacch Adedeji, on Tuesday, revealed that revenue lost to tax expenditure remains difficult to quantify due to poor data availability across relevant government agencies.
According to him, tax incentives are not properly weighed against their real economic benefits, making it difficult to know their true cost which eventually creates room for unverified tax expenditure figures in different quarters.
Adedeji made the revelation while delivering a keynote address at the 2025 Tax Expenditure Workshop organized by the Tax Expenditure Management Unit of the FIRS Corporate Services Group in Abuja.
The event, themed “Tax Expenditure and Its Effect on Government Revenue,” was aimed at examining whether tax incentives are genuinely driving economic growth or quietly draining the nation’s revenue base.
The FIRS chairman, who was represented by the Coordinating Director, Corporate Services Group, Bolaji Akintola, said the policy directive was designed to support critical sectors such as industrialisation, employment creation, innovation, infrastructure, and foreign exchange earnings.
However, the lack of proper data management and impact assessment has made it difficult to evaluate the true cost and benefit of these incentives.
He said, “Tax expenditures have serious direct and indirect impacts on the citizenry, especially based on equity and fairness. We all know that the Fiscal Responsibility Act of 2007 mandates that Agencies of government provide an evaluation of the budgetary and financial implications of any proposed tax expenditure each year.
“Tax expenditures, like direct expenditures, affect the government budget as it is an expenditure that is spent indirectly by the government through tax exemption, tax deduction, tax offset, concessional tax rate or deferral of tax liability.
” It is granted for several reasons, among which are to encourage industrialisation, creation of employment, provision of infrastructure, foreign exchange earnings, positive balance of trade, encouragement of innovations and reaching the underserved locations.
“It has been argued that the government is losing revenue through tax incentives, which have been difficult to quantify due to limited data availability. In granting tax incentives by the government, there are expected benefits to be derived from the entities that enjoy these incentives, such that if adequately quantified when analyzing the Tax Expenditures in terms of socio-economic impact will show that the actual financial cost to government vis – a viz benefits will be minimized, and a positive developmental curve or growth curve will be observed.
“It is the lack of this adequate monitoring tool on impact assessment that gives room to the ‘IFs’ and ‘Buts’ which create room for these unverified tax expenditure figures in different quarters.”
Adedeji further lamented that many stakeholders operate in silos, with no central coordinating framework for tax incentives, and highlighted the absence of a dedicated tax committee in the National Assembly.
Other challenges he identified include conflicting incentive schemes, Base Erosion and Profit Shifting, and politically motivated tax policies.
He noted that the Fiscal Responsibility Act 2007, which mandates all government agencies to evaluate the financial implications of proposed tax expenditures annually, is often poorly implemented.
To resolve this, the FIRS boss disclosed that the Service has empowered its Tax Expenditure Management Unit to evaluate and monitor all tax incentives, adding that the unit is now supported by the integrated digital tax administration system (TaxPro Max).
“While some abuses have been noticed in tax expenditure management, there is also the question about the continued relevance of some of the Tax Incentives. It is, therefore, important that innovative strategies are adopted to achieve efficiency in tax expenditure management,” he added.
Adedeji called for amendments to the various laws underpinning tax expenditures, saying this has become necessary to prevent abuse and ensure the system is flexible enough to keep pace with global reforms, such as the OECD’s Pillar II global minimum tax rule.
He advocated for a centralized framework to regulate and monitor tax incentives, stressing the need for consistent cost-benefit analyses to determine which incentives should be sustained.
This, he said, would also help eliminate duplication and overlap among Ministries, Departments and Agencies.
Adedeji noted that while the FIRS is currently focused on extracting and computing tax expenditure data, the responsibility for assessing their impact still lies largely with administering agencies such as the Nigerian Investment Promotion Commission, the Nigeria Export Processing Zones Authority, and the Oil and Gas Free Zones Authority.
He also called for stronger inter-agency collaboration and emphasised the need to regularly assess the continued relevance and impact of tax incentives on national development.
“We believe that data is life in tax expenditure reporting. That is why the Service will continue to collaborate with the ECOWAS, IMF, World Bank, and the Addis Tax Initiatives to build a robust tax expenditure value chain,” he stated.
Speaking further, Adedeji revealed that the FIRS is currently contributing over 60 per cent of monthly inflows to the Federation Account, a result of several reform initiatives.
Despite these milestones, he said the FIRS is challenged by increasing demand for greater tax revenue amidst declining direct contributions by some Ministries, Departments and Agencies.
He said, “The FIRS is currently challenged by the ever-increasing demand for greater tax revenue collection by the government at all levels, especially in the face of dwindling direct revenue contributions by some MDAs. Under this current dispensation, the Service is contributing an average of over 60 per cent monthly to the Federation Account.
“This is due to several proactive and reformative steps adopted by the Service. In 2024, we recorded a collection figure of N21.6tn, and in the current year, we are targeting a revenue collection of N25.2tn.”
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Business Analysis
Nigeria Customs Generates over N1.75trn Revenue in 2025
By Joel Oladele, Abuja
The Nigeria Customs Service (NSC) has generated an impressive N1,751,502,252,298.05 in revenue during the first quarter of 2025.
The Comptroller-General (CG) of the Service, Bashir Adeniyi, disclosed this yesterday, during a press briefing in Abuja.
According to Adeniyi, the achievement not only surpasses the quarterly target but also marks a substantial increase compared to the same period last year, reflecting the effectiveness of recent reforms and the dedication of customs officers across the nation.
“This first quarter of 2025 has seen our officers working tirelessly at borders and ports across the nation.
I’m proud to report we’ve made real progress on multiple fronts—from increasing revenue collections to intercepting dangerous shipments,” Adeniyi stated.He attributed this success to the reforms initiated under President Bola Tinubu’s administration and the guidance of the Honourable Minister of Finance and Coordinating Minister of the Economy, Olawale Edun.
The CG noted that the revenue collection for Q1 2025 exceeded the quarterly benchmark of N1,645,000,000,000.00 by N106.5 billion, achieving 106.47% of the target. This performance represents a remarkable 29.96% increase compared to the N1,347,705,251,658.31 collected in Q1 2024.
Adeniyi highlighted the month-by-month growth, noting that January’s collection of N647,880,245,243.67 surpassed its target by 18.12%, while February and March also showed positive trends.
“I’m pleased to report the Service’s revenue collection for Q1 2025 totaled N1,751,502,252,298.05.
“Against our annual target of N6,580,000,000,000.00, the first quarter’s proportional benchmark stood at N1,645,000,000,000.00. I’m proud to announce we’ve exceeded this target by N106.5 billion, achieving 106.47% of our quarterly projection. This outstanding performance represents a substantial 29.96% increase compared to the same period in 2024, where we collected N1,347,705,251,658.31.
“Our month-by-month analysis reveals even more encouraging details of this growth trajectory,” Adeniyi said.
In addition to revenue collection, Adeniyi said the NCS maintained robust anti-smuggling operations, recording 298 seizures with a total Duty Paid Value (DPV) of ₦7,698,557,347.67.
He stated that rice was the most seized commodity, with 135,474 bags intercepted, followed by petroleum products and narcotics.
“From rice to wildlife, these seizures show our targeted approach,” Adeniyi remarked, noting the NCS’s commitment to combating smuggling and protecting national revenue.
Adeniyi also highlighted key initiatives, including the expansion of the B’Odogwu customs clearance platform and the launch of the Authorized Economic Operators Programme, which aims to streamline processes for compliant businesses. The NCS’s Corporate Social Responsibility Programme, “Customs Cares,” was also launched, focusing on education, health, and environmental sustainability.
Despite these achievements, the CG noted that the NCS faced challenges, including exchange rate volatility and non-compliance issues. Adeniyi acknowledged the need for ongoing adaptation and collaboration with stakeholders to address these challenges effectively.
Looking ahead, the NCS aims to continue its modernization efforts and enhance service delivery, ensuring that it remains a critical institution in Nigeria’s economic and security landscape.
“Results speak louder than plans; faster clearances through B’Odogwu, trusted traders in the AEO program, and measurable food price relief from our exemptions. We’ll keep scaling what works,” he concluded.
Economy
Aviation Ministry Disputes Reports on Enugu Airport Concession

The Ministry of Aviation and Aerospace Development on Monday, in Abuja disputed online reports claiming concession of Enugu international airport had been agreed upon.
This is contained in a statement signed by Mr Tunde Moshood, the Special Adviser on Media and Communications to the Minister of Aviation and Aerospace Development.
According to Moshood, the online reports are utterly baseless and untrue.
“Our attention has been drawn to certain online reports/stories suggesting that a certain lengthy period of concession has been agreed upon regarding the Enugu International Airport.
“It is true that Government is considering proposals for concession of five major airports, this is a proactive measure to ensure these vital facilities meet and maintain international standards, given increasing financial demands of their operations.
“Many of our airports are presently running at a loss, so they have to be subsidised each month by the Federal Government. It is noteworthy that this initiative to concession started from previous administrations. “
He, however, said that at this stage, prospective concessionaires have indeed submitted various proposals, including different durations for the concession.
He further said that the Ministry of Aviation and Aerospace Development had not established any fixed duration.
According to him, all submitted proposals are currently undergoing thorough evaluation that will eventually be reviewed by the Infrastructural Concession Regulatory Commission (ICRC) before it is presented to the Minister for conveyance to FEC for approval.
“We can confirm that this review process has not been concluded.
“However, for the sake of transparency, Festus Keyamo, Minister of Aviation and Aerospace Development, directed, some months ago that the Aviation Labour Unions be included as part of the negotiating teams.
“Therefore, we must state unequivocally that the information suggesting a predetermined concession duration is false, unfounded, and intended to cause unwarranted disaffection and mistrust in this process by those with entrenched interests.
“Please be assured that the Ministry of Aviation and Aerospace Development is committed to a transparent process that adheres strictly to due process, “ he said.
Moshood said thatwith the minister`s training and track record, he would not allow anything untoward to happen under his watch.
“ He has so far run the ministry in a transparent manner and will not fall into the same mistake of the past.
“We will ensure that all decisions are made in the best interest of the nation and the aviation sector. (NAN)
BUSINESS
NSIA Net Assets Hit N4.35trn in 2024
By Tony Obiechina Abuja
The Nigeria Sovereign Investment Authority (NSIA) yesterday disclosed that its net assets grew from N156bn in 2013 to N4.35 trillion in 2024.
Similarly, the Authority has remained profitable for 12 consecutive years, leading to cumulative retained earnings of N3.
74 trillion in 2024.Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer of NSIA, Aminu Umar- Sadiq made these disclosures at a media engagement in Abuja, highlighting its audited financial results for the 2024 fiscal year.
According to him, the results underscored the resilience of the authority’s investment strategy and the strength of its earnings, driven by a well-diversified revenue base and robust risk management practices, despite a challenging global macroeconomic and geopolitical environment.
Total operating profits, excluding share of profits from associates and Joint Venture (JV) entities, increased from N1.17 trillion in 2023 to N1.86 trillion in 2024, driven by the strong performance of
NSIA’s diversified investment portfolio, infrastructure assets, gains from foreign exchange movements, and derivative valuations.
In addition, Total Comprehensive Income (TCI), inclusive of share of profits from associates and JV entities, reached N1.89 trillion in 2024, reflecting a 59 per cent increase from N1.18 trillion in 2023.
Core TCI (excluding foreign exchange and derivative valuation gains) rose by 148 per cent to N407.9 billion in 2024 compared to N164.7 billion in 2023, supported by robust returns on financial assets measured at fair value through profit and loss, including collateralised securities, private equity, hedge funds, and Exchange-Traded Funds (ETFs).
Umar-Sadiq said the authority’s outstanding financial performance in 2024 reflected the “strength of our strategic vision, disciplined execution and unwavering commitment to sustainable socio-economic advancement.”
He said, “By leveraging innovation, strategic partnerships and sound risk management, we have not only delivered strong returns but also created value for our stakeholders
“As we move forward, we remain focused on driving economic transformation, expanding opportunities, scaling transformative impact and ensuring long-term prosperity for current and future generations of Nigerians.”
The CEO reaffirmed the authority’s commitment to managing the country’s SWF, and delivering the mandates enshrined in the NSIA Act.
He said NSIA remained poised to continually create long-term value for its stakeholders by delivering excellent risk-adjusted financial results, developing a healthy and well-diversified portfolio of assets and large-scale infrastructure projects, and enhancing the desired social outcomes.
He noted that NSIA was committed to its mandate of prudent management and investment of Nigeria’s sovereign wealth.
“In adherence to its Establishment Act, NSIA prioritises transparency, disclosure, and effective communication with all stakeholders and counterparties,” he said.
He pointed out that in the year under review, a new board, led by Olusegun Ogunsanya as Chairman, was appointed by President Bola Tinubu, in accordance with the provisions of the NSIA Act.
The new board will provide strategic direction and oversight, in addition to playing a pivotal role in critical decision making.
He remarked that under the guidance of the Board, the Authority will retain focus on its primary mandate of creating shared value for all stakeholders based on its continued adoption of corporate governance practices.
“NSIA prides itself an investment institution of the federation established to manage funds in excess of budgeted oil revenues and its mission is to play a pivotal role in driving sustained economic development for the benefit of all Nigerians through building a savings base for the Nigerian people, enhancing the development of the county’s infrastructure, and providing stabilisation support in times of economic misadventure,” he added.