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Nigeria’s Debt Rises by 226% in Past Seven Years – Report

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.Climbs from N12.5trn in June 2015 to N39.56trn by Dec 2021

With analysts in the financial service sector impressing it on the federal government to slow down on its borrowing, it has emerged that Nigeria’s debt rose steeply by a whooping 226 per cent in seven years.


In a report, analysts at Agusto & Co.
summed Nigeria’s debt burden since the beginning of President Muhammadu Buhari’s administration to have risen by 226 per cent to N39.
56 trillion as at December 2021, a massive leap from N12.5 trillion in June 2015. 
Agusto & Co. highlighted this in its May 2022 economic newsletter titled, “Fiscal Consolidation and Debt Sustainability- Beyond the Rhetoric.

Agusto & Co. urged the electorate to question how the next administration intends to approach fiscal consolidation and debt sustainability in the face of revenue constraints.
It stated: “The last seven years have seen Nigeria’s public debt burden skyrocket with minimal investments in infrastructure to show for it. While the Federal Government of Nigeria’s capital expenditure averaged N1.6 trillion ($3.85 billion at N415/$) over the last seven years, it has lagged behind both budgeted levels and the amount required to close the infrastructure gap estimated at $150 billion annually over the next 30 years.
“It also pales in significance when compared with its regional peers. However, during the same period, total public debt has soared by a staggering 226 per cent to N39.56 trillion in December 2021, up from N12.5 trillion in June 2015.”
It emphasised that a bloated wage bill and interest payments cumulatively 114 per cent of FGN revenue in 2021 continue to consume a substantial portion of the nation’s finances. 
It added, “For more context, Nigeria spent more on non-debt recurrent expenditure in 2021 approximately N5 trillion, than its estimated revenue of N4.39 trillion within the period. This implies that it had to borrow to meet a considerable part of the public sector wage bill and its actual capital expenditure in 2021 is estimated at N3.7 trillion. Revenue growth has been significantly outpaced by the rise in expenditure. The fiscal deficit-to-GDP ratio of 6.3 per cent in 2021 has now exceeded its 3 per cent threshold over the past 5 years. The country’s revenue troubles have also been exacerbated by production and terminal shut-ins that have stopped Nigeria from benefiting from what should have been a crude oil windfall.”
The report however noted that recent efforts at tax reforms, while commendable, have been largely fixated on raising the tax rate and introducing new taxes but however noted that emphasis should be more on increasing the tax bracket.
It stated, “The phased increase of the excise duty on tobacco and alcoholic beverages between 2018 and 2020 in addition to the 50 per cent increase in Value Added Tax (VAT), from 5 per cent to 7.5 per cent in 2020, failed to yield a significant impact as the average Nigerian consumer continues to grapple with falling purchasing power and stagnating incomes.
“We believe that the revenue problem would be addressed more effectively if fiscal reforms were directed at broadening the tax base and capturing the informal economy (estimated to be around 65 per cent of GDP by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), as opposed to intensifying efforts to impose additional taxes on those already subject to taxation. The reality is that many informal businesses are compelled to pay levies, albeit informally and frequently to agents, commissioned by governments at the sub-national level, who remit agreed-upon sums to the authorities.”
“In many instances, these levies are collected regardless of whether or not the informal business earns revenue; they are compelled to comply by the prospect of force or loss and typically receive little benefit from these non-state collectors. These informal levies have also been observed to constitute a larger proportion of their incomes as they contend with multiple levies from all tiers of government. The International Center for Investigative Reporting (ICIR) estimates that Lagos State National Union of Road Transport Workers (NURTW) rakes in over N123 billion annually.
“Significantly increased domestic revenue mobilisation is essential for decreasing budgetary risks and creating policy space. Key near-term actions would include the permanent withdrawal of fuel subsidies in accordance with the Petroleum Industry Act (PIA), together with compensation measures for the poor and the efficient and transparent use of the saved resources, ”the report stated.

Oil & Gas

OPEC Projects Slower Drop in Crude Consumption by Advanced Economies

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The Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC), has revised downward its 2026 global oil demand growth estimates, citing expected slower consumption growth in advanced economies, where collective demand will rise by only 100,000 barrels per day.

The cartel said it now expects global oil demand growth to reach 1.

2 million barrels per day in 2026, down from its previous forecast of 1.
4 million barrels per day, explaining that the revision would bring total global oil consumption to 106.3 million barrels per day.

In Europe, oil demand will decline by 30,000 barrels per day as weaker economic activity weighs on consumption, OPEC, said in its monthly oil market report.

The OPEC also expects some Asian economies, particularly Japan, to record slower demand growth. The organization forecast Japanese oil consumption to fall by 80,000 barrels per day.

However, strong demand from major emerging economies partly offset these weaker signals.

The OPEC said China would add 250,000 barrels per day to global demand, supported by its petrochemical industry. The organization also forecast India to increase demand by 200,000 barrels per day, driven by infrastructure spending and growth in vehicle ownership. Overall, OPEC expects emerging economies and developing countries to contribute an additional 1.1 million barrels per day to global oil consumption in 2026.

The OPEC’s revision aligns with a broader reassessment of global oil demand expectations.

In its May 2026 report, the International Energy Agency projected a much sharper downturn. The agency forecast a contraction of 420,000 barrels per day in global oil demand for the full year rather than a slowdown in growth.

The gap between the two institutions now exceeds 1 million barrels per day, highlighting the uncertainty surrounding the market outlook.

Both reports identified the near-closure of the Strait of Hormuz as a major factor behind market instability. According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration, six Gulf countries collectively reduced production by 10.5 million barrels per day in April, marking what the agency described as an unprecedented contraction outside pandemic periods.

As supply shortages intensified, oil producers outside the Middle East moved to increase production to offset part of the missing volumes. Several African producers, including Nigeria, Libya and Angola, benefited from rising demand for Atlantic Basin crude among Asian and European buyers that lost access to Gulf oil supplies, according to the IEA.

However, not all African producers can fully capitalize on the opportunity. Nigeria, Africa’s largest oil producer and an OPEC member, nonetheless showed encouraging momentum. According to provisional data published on May 15 by the Nigerian Upstream Petroleum Regulatory Commission, the country increased oil production from 1.546 million barrels per day in March to 1.663 million barrels per day in April 2026.

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Oil & Gas

NCDMB Declares Nigerian Content Compliance Non-negotiable

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The Nigerian Content Development and Monitoring Board (NCDMB) has reaffirmed that compliance with Nigerian Content regulations in the oil and gas industry remains non-negotiable.

The Executive Secretary of NCDMB, Felix Ogbe, stated this on Tuesday at the 2026 Nigerian Oil and Gas Midstream and Downstream Stakeholders Summit in Lagos.

Ogbe was represented by Austin Uzoka, Head of the Directorate of Planning, Research and Statistics.

He said the midstream and downstream sectors remained vital to Nigeria’s economic expansion, industrialisation and job creation efforts.

The summit focused on the theme, ‘Unlocking, Growing and Sustaining Nigerian Content Development in Nigeria’s Oil and Gas Midstream and Downstream Sectors.’

Ogbe described the gathering as a strategic platform for shaping the future direction of Nigeria’s energy industry and strengthening indigenous participation.

According to him, reforms, improved regulatory clarity and growing investor confidence are repositioning Nigeria as a leading oil and gas investment destination in Africa.

He noted that the Board, established under the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act 2010, continued promoting local capacity development and technology transfer.

Ogbe added that the Board had also advanced employment opportunities for Nigerians across several segments of the oil and gas industry.

He said Nigerian companies had recorded significant achievements in upstream operations, particularly in exploration, drilling, engineering, fabrication and project management activities.

According to him, the next growth phase lies within the midstream and downstream sectors of the nation’s petroleum industry.

He identified gas processing, transportation infrastructure, storage facilities, LPG and CNG distribution, refining and petrochemical development as major investment opportunities.

Ogbe said Nigeria was gradually reducing dependence on imported refined petroleum products through increased local refining and processing capacity.

He described the Dangote Refinery as a strong symbol of Nigeria’s industrial ambition, energy independence and economic self-sufficiency.

Ogbe stated that modular refineries were equally opening fresh opportunities for indigenous participation, local investment and improved national energy security.

He also highlighted ongoing gas commercialisation projects as important drivers of industrialisation and value addition within the domestic economy.

The NCDMB boss specifically referenced the Nigeria LNG Train 7 project and the Federal Government’s Presidential Initiative on Compressed Natural Gas.

According to him, both initiatives would strengthen domestic gas utilisation and support broader industrial growth across the country.

While emphasising the Board’s regulatory responsibilities, Ogbe insisted that compliance with Nigerian Content requirements remained central to industry operations.

“Compliance remains non-negotiable, but it must also be practical, implementable and supportive of investment and business growth,” he said.

He urged policymakers, investors, operators and service providers to deepen collaboration in order to maximise opportunities within the sector.

Ogbe said stronger partnerships would help drive sustainable economic growth, industrial capacity and long-term competitiveness in Nigeria’s energy industry.

The two-day summit attracted major stakeholders from the oil and gas industry to discuss strategies for expanding local content development.

Participants also examined ways to strengthen industrial capacity and improve Nigeria’s competitiveness within the global energy market. 

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Oil & Gas

Dangote Refinery Reduces Jet Fuel Price to N1,650 Per Litre

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Dangote Petroleum Refinery has reduced the price of aviation fuel, also known as Jet A1, from N1,750 to N1,650 per litre.

The company said the move is aimed at reducing the financial burden on airline operators and ensuring steady fuel supply across the country.

The development was announced in a statement issued on Tuesday in Lagos by the company’s spokesperson, Anthony Chiejina.

According to him, the refinery also introduced a 30-day interest-free credit facility for marketers and airline operators backed by bank guarantees.

He added that the company had also changed its pricing structure from dollar-based transactions to payments in Naira, a move expected to ease pressure on local operators.

Chiejina stated that the reduction was necessary due growing concerns over the rising operational costs in Nigeria’s aviation sector.

According to him, aviation fuel accounts for a major part of airline expenses.

He said, “Industry stakeholders have repeatedly warned that the increasing cost of Jet A1 fuel was putting serious financial pressure on domestic airlines and threatening smooth flight operations.

“The refinery’s latest decision is expected to provide relief for airline operators by lowering fuel costs, improving operational stability and supporting efforts to reduce airfares for passengers.”

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