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New TB Vaccine in 100 Years Advances as Welcome, Gates Foundation Fund Trial

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Welcome and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation have announced funding, to advance a tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidate, M72/AS01E (M72), through a Phase III clinical trial.

If proven effective, M72 could potentially become the first new vaccine to help prevent pulmonary TB, a form of active TB, in more than 100 years.

Wellcome and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation made the announcement at a virtual news conference on Wednesday.

The event featured Trevor Mundel, President of Global Health at the Gates Foundation; Alexander Pym, Director of Infectious Diseases at Wellcome; and Nomathamsanga Majozi, Head of Public Engagement at the Africa Health Research Institute.

The only TB vaccine in use today, Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG), was first given to people in 1921.

It helps protect babies and young children against severe systemic forms of TB but offers limited protection against pulmonary TB among adolescents and adults.

TB is one of the world’s deadliest diseases, killing about 4,300 people per day, mostly those living in poverty.

In 2021, an estimated 10.6 million people fell ill with TB and 1.6 million died—about 4,300 people per day.

The disease primarily affects people in low and middle income countries, and those at highest risk are often living in poverty, with poor living and working conditions and undernutrition.

Up to a quarter of the world’s population is thought to have latent TB, a condition in which a person is infected with the bacterium that causes TB but does not have any symptoms and is at risk of progressing to active TB disease.

To support the M72 Phase III clinical trial, which will cost an estimated US$550 million, Wellcome is providing up to US$150 million and the Gates Foundation will fund the remainder, about US$400 million.

The vaccine, called M72, will be given from Year 2024 to 26,000 young adults in Africa and south-east Asia who have a latent infection with the bacteria that cause TB but no symptoms.

Commenting on the efficacy, Trevor Mundel, the Head of Global Health at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, said that M72 had shown much promise in preventing TB in people with latent infections, but were not ill.

This, he said, was an important segment of the population to target.

However, “clear evidence about M72’s efficacy in preventing the emergence of active pulmonary tuberculosis will take several years to emerge from trial.

“Of course we’d be happy with 90 per cent efficacy but from our modelling, 50 per cent is good enough on the assumption that the durability is at least five years.

“Most of the vaccinologists who have looked at the data have said that is likely”.

He said the trial would probably last for four to six years.

Speaking on affordability, he said making the vaccine as affordable and as accessible as possible would be very important.

Julia Gillard, Chair of the Board of Governors at Wellcome, said: “TB remains one of the world’s deadliest infectious diseases.

“The development of an affordable, accessible vaccine for adults and adolescents would be game-changing in turning the tide against TB.

“Philanthropy can be a catalyst to drive progress, as shown by this funding of the M72 vaccine as a potential new tool in preventing escalating infectious diseases to protect those most affected.

“Sustainable progress against TB and wider disease threats will depend on global collaboration, financial backing, and political will.

“By working with communities and researchers in countries with a high burden of the disease, we can get one step closer to eliminating TB as a public health threat.”

Nomathamsanqa Majozi, Head of Public Engagement at Africa Health Research Institute, said: “Despite being curable, TB remains one of the leading causes of death in South Africa.

“In the area where I live and work, more than half of all people have had, or will have TB at some points in their lives.

“The consequences are devastating, both at a personal and a community level. M72 offers us new hope for a TB-free future.’’

Alexander Pym, the Director of Infectious Disease at Wellcome, said TB was one of the biggest health challenges in the world.

“Treatment is still four to six months long. Diagnostics can still not diagnose early enough to prevent transmission.

“Added to that is the threat of latent TB.”

He said the human immune response to TB was much more complex than to an acute viral infection and this made the process of developing a TB vaccine much longer.

“The challenge is big. We need new approaches and tools,” he said.

According to Pym, a TB vaccine will really be a game-changer; there is a need for TB innovation.

Bill Gates, Co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, commented in a joint statement by the organisations.

“With TB cases and deaths on the rise, the need for new tools has never been more urgent.

“Greater investment in safe and effective TB vaccines, alongside a suite of new diagnostics and treatments could transform TB care for millions of people, saving lives and lowering the burden of this devastating and costly disease.”

World Health Organisation (WHO) Director-General, Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, commended the support by the Gates Foundation and Wellcome to develop a new TB vaccine.

“WHO welcomes the commitments from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and Wellcome to take forward development of this vaccine candidate.

“WHO will keep supporting vaccine development and access more broadly through its TB Vaccine Accelerator Council.” (NAN)

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Health

Contraceptive Pills Can’t Cause Cervical Cancer – Expert

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Mrs Roseline Akinlabi, Adolescent and Youth Sexual Reproductive Health Desk Officer, Osun Primary Healthcare Board, says contraceptive pills cannot cause cancer of the cervix in women.

Akinlabi, a certified family planning trainer, said this on Monday in Osogbo during a virtual engagement programme organised by the State Public Health media team in collaboration with a non-governmental organisation, The Challenge Initiative (TCI).

She spoke on “The impacts of Family Planning Myths And Misconceptions on Spacing, Unplanned Pregnancy and Unsafe Abortion”.

The expert, also a registered public health nurse, said that the popular belief that contraceptive pills could encourage infidelity and cause permanent infertility in women was inaccurate.

According to her, contraceptive pills cannot cause cancer of the ovary and the lining of the uterus in women, as being speculated.

“Myths and misconceptions are the major challenge to uptake of family planning in the state and the country at large.

“Various myths and misconceptions about family planning methods have led to high prevalence of teenage pregnancy, high maternal, mortality and morbidity rate, among others.

“These myths and misconceptions often surround family planning methods, creating confusion and hindering access to essential care.

“They negatively impact child spacing and abortion rates by preventing the use of contraceptives, leading to unwanted pregnancies, and subsequently, more abortions.

“These false beliefs create barriers to access and utilisation of family planning methods, increasing the risks of unwanted pregnancies and risky sexual behaviour.

“There is urgent need to dispel these myths and equip individuals with accurate facts to make informed decisions about their reproductive health”, she said.

Akinlabi called for collective responsibilities to dispel rumours about contraceptives, raise awareness about the benefits of family planning, and create safer space for girls and women in the society.

According to her, family planning empowers individuals to choose the number, spacing and timing of their children, leading to improved health outcomes for the mother and the child.(NAN)

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Teaching Hospital Performs 2nd Kidney Transplant in Maiduguri

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The University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), has successfully performed its second living-donor kidney transplant, 15 years after its first living-donor kidney transplant

The Chief Medical Director (CMD) of the UMTH, Prof. Ahmed Ahidjo, made this known at a news conference on Wednesday in Maiduguri.

“This is not the first time UMTH is doing the transplant.

The first time UMTH conducted a kidney transplant was in August 2010 and now the hospital has come back with full force to resume the excercise,” he said.

Ahidjo also announced that the already 20 patients were admitted awaiting surgery on the same kidney transplant.

He appealed to donors to contribute funds to support the have not patients who needed the surgery so dearly.

The CMD said that though, the hospital provided free services being a federal government facility, adding that the patient’s dialysis had been subsidised by the government by reducing everything to N12,000 which was less than eight dollars compared with 1,000 dollars charged for same dialysis elsewhere.

Ahidjo said that the target was to make transplant one of the cheapest in West Africa, saying their facility was largest in the country with a capacity to accommodate up to 85 patients at once.

“UMTH has four fully equipped theatre rooms. All for kidney transplant which were fully equipped with modern equipment,” the CMD said.

He, however, commended TETFUND for its support to the hospital in terms of equipment and other infrastructure.

Ahidjo also commended Gov. Babagana Zulum of Borno for donating N50 million to the hospital to carry out research on causes of kidney related diseases in the North-east.

The CMD said that some of the research findings revealed that diabetics, hypertension and dehydration were linked with the kidney related diseases in the region.

“The causes of kidney issues for now are diabetics, highpertension and exact causes are not yet known but many samples were taken to laboratories and the result is awaited,” Ahidjo said. (NAN) 

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WHO Declares Mpox Public Health Emergency Concern

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 The World Health Organisation (WHO), says  said  the Mpox upsurge has continued to meet the criteria of a Public Health Emergency of International Concern (PHEIC) set forth in the International Health Regulations (IHR).

Dr Tedros Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General said this in a statement.

Ghebreyesus said  the announcement followed the fourth meeting of the IHR emergency committee regarding the upsurge of mpox, held on June 5.

According to him, the committee, recognising progress in the capacity to respond in certain countries, advised the WHO boss that the event continues to constitute a PHEIC.

He said that it was based on the continuing rise in number of cases, including a recent increase in West Africa, and likely ongoing undetected transmission in some countries beyond the African continent

“Ongoing operational challenges in responding to the event, including concerning surveillance and diagnostics, as well as a lack of funding, make prioritising response interventions challenging and require continued international support,” he said.

Ghebreyesus concurred with the committee’s advice and issued the committee’s revised temporary recommendations to Member States experiencing mpox outbreaks.

He said  the recommendations will guide countries’ efforts to prevent and control spread of the disease.

According to him, the full report of the fourth meeting will be issued in the third week of June.

“The upsurge of mpox in the Democratic Republic of the Congo and its spread to neighbouring countries was first determined to be PHEIC by Ghebreyesus on Aug. 14, 2024.

“Since then, the  committee has met on three additional occasions, each time, advising the director general that the event continues to constitute a PHEIC,” he said (NAN)

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