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OPINION

Tracking Nigeria’s Fight against Migrant Smuggling through Data

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By Ibironke Ariyo

Nigeria’s migration corridors are now more frequently targeted by organised criminal networks exploiting citizens seeking opportunities abroad.

Emerging evidence shows that these operations are becoming more sophisticated and driven by technology.

In recent years, authorities say migrant smuggling has evolved into a complex transnational enterprise, requiring coordinated national responses, stronger institutional frameworks and intelligence-led enforcement strategies.

At the centre of this response is the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS).

The Service combines border surveillance, intelligence sharing, prosecution support and sustained public sensitisation to disrupt smuggling networks operating within and beyond Nigeria’s borders.

To provide context, migration experts note that migrant smuggling differs from human trafficking because migrants initially consent to movement.

However, deception, exploitation and abandonment often follow when smugglers prioritise profit over safety and legality.

According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), West Africa remains a major origin and transit region for smuggling routes leading to North Africa, Europe and parts of the Middle East.

The UN body says this is largely driven by unemployment pressures and widespread misinformation.

More importantly, UNODC reports indicate that smugglers now rely heavily on forged travel documents, visa fraud, fake employment schemes and online recruitment platforms.

While this reduces dependence on dangerous desert crossings, it greatly increases financial exploitation risks for migrants.

Against this backdrop, NIS officials say statistics are currently guiding enforcement decisions and shaping operational priorities.

In recent operational years, immigration authorities recorded thousands of refused departures at Nigerian airports after identifying passengers travelling with suspicious documentation or inconsistent migration histories.

Explaining this shift, an NIS border commander said advanced passenger screening systems now enable officers to detect irregular travel patterns before departure.

“We are no longer reacting at borders alone; intelligence begins before passengers arrive at airports.

“Technology integration has significantly improved early detection capabilities across major international terminals,” he said.

Similarly, at a stakeholders’ sensitisation seminar held on Nov. 11, 2025, titled “Evolving Patterns in Smuggling of Migrants: Towards a Coordinated National Response,” officials highlighted changing smuggling tactics.

They stressed that smugglers are currently exploiting legal travel channels rather than relying solely on irregular border crossings.

Providing further insight, the Comptroller-General of NIS, Kemi Nandap, said the Service had strengthened its legal and institutional frameworks while expanding training programmes to improve officers’ capacity to detect and prevent smuggling activities.

“Recently, the border patrol at Seme denied entry to 332 migrants without valid travel documents.

“294 Nigerians, suspected of attempting irregular migration under the ‘Japa Syndrome,’ were stopped from leaving the country,” she said.

In addition, the NIS CG noted that 36 victims of human trafficking and child labour were rescued at the border, attributing the successes to improved surveillance, including the installation of new CCTV cameras at strategic locations.

Furthermore, during the inauguration of the 2025 Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Week in Abuja, the Federal Government pledged to further strengthen Nigeria’s intelligence architecture and border security framework to dismantle organised smuggling syndicates.

Nandap said the government was intensifying a multi-layered response to emerging smuggling trends that pose serious risks to human life and national security.

She reaffirmed the commitment of the Service, pledging that the NIS would continue to deepen border security and intelligence capabilities, dismantle smuggling networks, prosecute offenders and protect migrants, especially women and children.

In the same vein, she said the Service would strengthen domestic and international partnerships while upholding the dignity and human rights of migrants regardless of status.

Highlighting the urgency of the situation, Nandap said Nigeria, as a country of origin, transit and destination, could not afford to ignore the growing sophistication of smuggling networks.

She explained that these networks now rely heavily on digital platforms, encrypted communication, falsified documents and transnational criminal collaborations.

She warned that migrants were increasingly exposed to grave dangers, including trafficking, extortion, sexual exploitation, violence and death, especially along irregular desert and sea routes.

“The activities of smugglers threaten border integrity, public safety and internal security.

“The NIS, with the support of the Minister of Interior, Dr Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo, has adopted a technology-driven and intelligence-led strategy to combat the menace.

“The Service has strengthened surveillance across land, sea and air borders through the deployment of a Command and Control Centre that mirrors nationwide operations, alongside the Migration Information and Data Analysis System.

“Also, Advanced Passenger Information Systems, Passenger Name Records, e-gates at international airports and Huawei-powered e-border solutions installed at more than 144 border locations nationwide,” she maintained.

Beyond national efforts, Nandap added that Nigeria had continued to deepen cooperation with ECOWAS, the African Union (AU), the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), the UNODC and INTERPOL, among others.

According to her, these partnerships enhance capacity building, intelligence sharing, joint investigations and safe return programmes, while bilateral agreements with transit and destination countries have improved early warning systems and cross-border law enforcement.

Equally important, she said the Service had scaled up public sensitisation to counter false narratives used by smugglers to lure young Nigerians.

She revealed that more than 579,000 National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members were sensitised in 2025.

“This is in addition to widespread outreach in border communities, schools, transport unions and youth associations across the country.

“The campaigns focus on exposing digital recruitment tactics, fake job offers abroad and the importance of safe, orderly and regular migration channels,” she emphasised.

Reinforcing the human dimension of the crisis, Nandap said, “The fight against the smuggling of migrants is not only a security imperative but also a moral responsibility.

“Every smuggled migrant represents a life at risk and a family disrupted”.

She urged government agencies, international organisations, civil society and the private sector to sustain collaboration.

“Our success depends on acting as one national front guided by protection, accountability, and human dignity. Together, we can build a Nigeria where safe and regular migration becomes the norm,” she maintained.

In a related development, the Chairman of the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NIDCOM), Abike Dabiri-Erewa, also cautioned Nigerians against embarking on dangerous and irregular migration journeys.

Speaking at an event organised by the Nigerian Bar Association Human Rights Institute to commemorate the 2025 International Human Rights Day, she highlighted the risks associated with such decisions.

Dabiri Erewa said that over the years, many Nigerians had willingly entered life-threatening situations abroad, noting that the commission was working with partners to assist stranded citizens.

“In Iraq alone, there are over 7,000 stranded. They are looking for hope and hopelessness. Citizens often underestimate the dangers of illegal migration,” she lamented.

She advised Nigerians to invest in opportunities at home, stressing that, “the grass is not greener on the other side. The grass is greener where you water it”.

To further illustrate the risks, she cited a case of a young woman who returned from Libya after using funds meant for medical care to finance her journey.

“She paid around N2.5 million to travel illegally to Libya despite lacking medical care at home; this money could have been used for better purposes.

“She came back with nothing. Such cases illustrate why advocacy and preventive measures are crucial,” she said.

Highlighting the dangers along migration routes, Dabiri-Erewa revealed that one in 24 migrants risk being killed in Libya, adding that efforts were ongoing to repatriate 10,500 stranded children.

She emphasised the need for a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach to address the problem.

Meanwhile, experts say enforcement gains are increasingly being measured beyond arrests alone.

For instance, coordinated monitoring has helped dismantle document-fraud networks operating between Nigeria and destination countries, leading to arrests and ongoing prosecutions through inter-agency collaboration.

In addition, the IOM reports that thousands of stranded Nigerian migrants have been assisted through voluntary return programmes, many recounting deception by smugglers.

Analysts argue that such return statistics indirectly reflect prevention success, as awareness campaigns reduce vulnerability to recruitment networks.

Corroborating this view, an NIS public affairs officer said sensitisation campaigns across universities, motor parks and border communities now form a core prevention strategy addressing misinformation driving irregular migration.

The officer said enforcement alone cannot solve migrant smuggling, adding that education is essential because smugglers thrive where accurate migration information is absent.

From a broader policy perspective, experts from academia note that Nigeria’s migration governance has gradually shifted from reactive policing to preventive migration management, aligning with international best practices.

Similarly, improved coordination with neighbouring countries has strengthened intelligence exchanges targeting smuggling facilitators operating along porous land borders.

Security analysts say joint patrol arrangements and biometric verification systems have reduced identity fraud, a key enabler of migrant smuggling operations.

Migration researchers also note that biometric data integration allows authorities to track repeat migration attempts linked to organised smuggling rings, thereby strengthening investigative evidence used in prosecutions.

At the same time, the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) has partnered with NIS to distinguish trafficking victims from smuggled migrants, ensuring that rescued individuals receive protection rather than punishment.

Officials say this collaboration has improved victim identification procedures at airports and border posts, preventing wrongful detention of vulnerable migrants.

Gender specialists further highlight that women and young people remain disproportionately targeted, especially through deceptive domestic work recruitment schemes.

Humanitarian agencies also report that many returnees face heavy debt burdens after paying large sums to smugglers, underscoring the economic dimension of migrant smuggling.

Given these dynamics, experts stress that measuring NIS impact must go beyond arrest figures to include prevention outcomes, reduced fraudulent departures and improved public awareness.

They argue that success indicators increasingly include behavioural change among travellers, reflected in higher compliance with documentation requirements and declining reliance on informal migration agents.

NIS officials say ongoing training programmes are equipping officers with investigative skills aligned with international migration law while ensuring respect for human rights.

In addition, the agency has adopted digital record systems to improve data accuracy, enabling policymakers to track long-term migration patterns and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.

Observers note that Nigeria’s reforms align with broader African Union efforts promoting safe, orderly and regular migration pathways across the continent.

However, albeit these gains, experts warn that economic pressures and global labour demand will continue to sustain migrant smuggling attempts.

They therefore call for sustained investment in technology, partnerships and public education.

Ultimately, migration researchers conclude that data-driven strategies offer Nigeria a strong tool against evolving smuggling tactics, enabling authorities to anticipate trends rather than merely respond to crises. (NAN)

OPINION

Osun Election: Will Nigeria’s Political Class Learn?

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As Nigeria gradually enters the political season ahead of the 2027 general elections, there is a growing temptation among politicians to return to the familiar playbook: aggressive campaigns, endless promises, political propaganda, ethnic calculations, religious sentiments and the mobilisation of money and machinery.

But if the political class is paying attention, the recent Osun election should offer a sobering lesson.

Elections are no longer simply contests between political parties or exercises in political arithmetic. They are increasingly becoming referendums on performance, credibility, organisation and the relationship between politicians and the people.

The Osun experience should therefore be more than another election victory or defeat to be celebrated by one camp and rationalised by another. It should be a warning to every politician preparing for 2027.

The first lesson is that the people are watching.

For too long, Nigerian politicians have behaved as though voters can be permanently manipulated with slogans, inducements and election-day theatrics. But voters are becoming more discerning. They may still respond to material incentives, but they also remember who governed well, who failed, who showed up and who disappeared after collecting their votes.

The second lesson is that political structures cannot replace public trust.

A party may possess powerful godfathers, influential leaders, vast resources and impressive campaign machinery, but these cannot indefinitely compensate for a credibility deficit. Political structures are important, but they work best when they are reinforced by genuine voter confidence.

The third lesson is that incumbency is not an automatic guarantee of victory.

Those who occupy political offices must understand that public office comes with a political bill that eventually falls due. Roads, schools, healthcare, jobs, security, salaries, infrastructure and the general welfare of citizens are not merely governance issues; they increasingly shape electoral decisions.

The politician who assumes that occupying government gives him an irreversible advantage may discover, rather painfully, that voters have the final word.

There is also a lesson for opposition parties. Winning elections requires more than criticising the government. Nigerians are increasingly interested in alternatives. Opposition parties must articulate credible programmes, build strong grassroots structures and demonstrate that they have the competence and discipline required to govern.

Perhaps the most important lesson is that 2027 cannot be approached as politics as usual.

Nigeria is facing an electorate that is younger, more digitally connected and increasingly vocal. Social media has changed political communication. Citizens can challenge official narratives in real time. Political mistakes can become national conversations within minutes. Candidates can no longer depend entirely on traditional campaign rallies and carefully managed media appearances.

The political class must also recognise that Nigerians are tired of being treated as statistics during elections and forgotten citizens afterwards.

The road to 2027 will undoubtedly produce the usual alliances, defections, endorsements and political realignments. There will be new coalitions and old rivalries. There will be attempts to weaponise identity, manipulate emotions and redefine political narratives.

But the real question is whether politicians will learn from Osun.

Will they understand that voters deserve respect? Will they realise that performance matters? Will political parties begin to prioritise competence over loyalty? Will candidates campaign on ideas rather than insults? Will politicians understand that democracy is not simply about winning elections but earning the legitimacy to govern?

These are the questions the Osun election should force the political class to confront.

The 2027 election is approaching. The campaign season may only be beginning, but the lessons have already arrived.

The politicians who choose to ignore them may do so at their own peril.

Nigeria’s voters are watching. And this time, they may be keeping a much longer memory.

Kokome, a communications strategist and public affairs analyst, writes from Lagos via kokomejohn@yahoo.com

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OPINION

Two Hundred Days in Power: Some Lessons to Learn From General Murtala Mohammed

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By John Chibuzo Emmanuel

The realm of Nigerian politics today is a chessboard where our bones and dripping blood are recklessly tossed from one end to another. This is why one of the most quoted phrases in the history of our nation is “politics is a dirty game.

” Well, from the days of Azikiwe right to the days of Asiwaju, from Balewa to Buhari, from Gowon to Goodluck, from Obafemi to Obasanjo, corruption scandals have never ceased to dominate our headlines.

Achebe summed it all up when he lamented: “The trouble with Nigeria is simply and squarely a failure of leadership.

There is nothing basically wrong with the Nigerian character. There is nothing wrong with the Nigerian land or climate or water or air or anything else. The Nigerian problem is the unwillingness or inability of its leaders to rise to the responsibility, to the challenge of personal example which are the hallmarks of true leadership” (Achebe 1).

And in these trying times of ours, when the blood of our children flow in the thick green forest, when the cries of our raped mothers do nothing but chase away the watching birds that perch on the tall trees, when the screams of our brave soldiers that echo in the forests serve as their untimely and only goodbye; we must remember General Murtala Muhammad. In this era when inhumanity has replaced our sense of religion and empathy, we must not forget a man who truly loved, lived and died for Nigeria. We must not forget the bravest and most fearless leader to have walked the brown earth of this barren land endowed with the greatest mineral deposits. Do not laugh at this paralyzing but profound and truthful paradox.

It is indeed a national tragedy that the most distinguished and excellent individuals in our short history have either been relegated to the background of oblivion, persecuted by the majority, or slaughtered on the altar of envy. It is a national tragedy that our school children know nothing of their history or heroes. It is even a greater tragedy that they are being robbed of noticeable examples of distinguished leadership from our history. The painful consequence of this is that we have come to accept stupidity and ideological bankruptcy in politics as our national guiding principles.

Mothers in the marketplace, children in malpractice-ridden schools, students in dilapidated institutions, brave soldiers dying in the thick enclaves of Sambisa, intellectuals tired from years of doing battle with the federal and state governments, do not forget General Murtala Muhammad. Do not forget General Murtala for he is a reminder of all we can achieve if we eradicate the different manifestations of corruption unique to our lives.

General Murtala was born on November 8, 1938, and became one of the youngest generals throughout the history of Nigeria. At the age of thirty-six he took over the reins of government from General Yakubu Gowon on July 29, 1975, through a bloodless coup d’etat, and ruled the country for just two hundred days before he was assassinated by Lieutenant Colonel Bukar Suka Dimka on February 13, 1976.

However, in his two hundred days of power, he implemented some of the most impactful and iconoclastic social and economic reforms ever seen in the history of this country. In his two hundred days of power, he sacked more than ten thousand corrupt and incompetent civil servants. In his two hundred days of power, he conceived and began implementing a vision of a central capital city other than Lagos. This city is now known as the city of Abuja.

In his two hundred days in power, he championed African Liberation Movements throughout Africa as well as opposed apartheid and neo-colonialism virulently. In his two hundred days of power he did what even democratically elected leaders have always hesitated to attempt: decentralization of the national executive. He decentralized his executive powers into a military triumvirate consisting of himself, Olusegun Obasanjo and Theophilus Danjuma.

In his two hundred days in power, the University of Jos—my alma matter—became a degree awarding institution. In his two hundred days of power he set Nigeria on the path of democracy before his tragic and untimely end. In his two hundred days in power he taught Nigerians the definition of true leadership.

No wonder Achebe once popularly wrote: “On the morning after Murtala Muhammed seized power in July 1975, public servants in Lagos were found “on seat” at seven thirty in the morning. Even the “go-slow” traffic that had defeated every solution and defied every regime vanished overnight from the streets.” How can one man wield such a positive influence in our national culture?

General Murtala Muhammed never allowed his ideas to rot in the bureaucratic files of government “experts”. For this, his signature phrase “with immediate effect” has become one of the most used and sadly, abused phrases by Nigerian politicians.

Do you know that the expression “fellow Nigerians” which has been bastardized by Nigerian leaders today was a term he coined and used to address ordinary Nigerians on the street whom he truly cared for? Do you know that upon his ascension to power he cut down the heavy security and military convoys that have come to characterize modern Nigerian politics? Do you know that in his two hundred days of power corrupt military officers and even military governors faced the wrath of the law just like every other Nigerian citizen on the streets? Do you know that all this was achieved by a man of just thirty-seven years?

If we forget Murtala Muhammad, we forget the dream of the poor hawker on the street, the prayer of the sun bathed keke driver, the hope of the unemployed graduate on the verge of suicide, or the resilience of the Northern girl child in her quest for education. If we forget Murtala Muhammad, we forget the Nigerian dream. The dream of living a peaceful and happy life.

On this historic day, we must remember General Murtala Muhammed and all he stood for so that we can eternally realize and regret the depth of our profound ignorance if we make a mistake on the 2027 ballot box. We cannot afford to make a mistake in the ballot box unless we want to eternalize the pain and tragedy of our lives. Vote for the future; our future, next year. Thank you for listening.

John Chibuzo is a Nigerian writer, literary critic, educator and multi-instrumentalist based in Jos city. His poetry and essays have been published in The National Scholar, Lolwe, Beyond the Pages, Nestle on the Rock and the anthology: Letters to the Union We Hope to Become. He co-founded The Excellent Magazine in 2024 and served as it’s first editor-in-chief. He studied English and Literature at the University of Jos.

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OPINION

Urgent Need to Tackle Public Infrastructure Theft in Nigeria

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By Tochukwu Jimo Obi

The rate at which public infrastructure is being vandalised and stolen across Nigeria, particularly in the Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, has reached an alarming level that can no longer be ignored.

What was once regarded as isolated acts of petty criminality has gradually become a serious threat to public safety, government investment and the effective functioning of cities.
Across Abuja, the brazen removal of public infrastructure has become so widespread that urgent and coordinated action is now required.

One of the most disturbing examples is the widespread theft of manhole covers.

In several parts of Abuja, open manholes have become a common sight following the removal of their metal covers by vandals. This poses a serious danger to pedestrians, motorists and other road users, particularly at night. Beyond the immediate safety risks, the theft of these covers demonstrates the extent to which public property is being systematically stripped for the purpose of making quick money.

The problem, however, goes far beyond manhole covers. Bridge rails, railway tracks, underground cables, solar street lights, electrical installations and other public facilities have also become targets. Infrastructure installed with taxpayers’ money is being dismantled and carted away, often with little or no resistance. The consequence is that facilities designed to improve public safety, transportation, security and the quality of life of citizens are being destroyed by individuals motivated by short term financial gains.

A major destination for these stolen materials is the network of makeshift scrap markets popularly referred to as “pantaker markets” in Abuja and its environs. These markets provide an avenue through which stolen public infrastructure can allegedly be disposed of with relative ease. The existence and continued operation of such markets should therefore be treated not merely as a commercial issue, but as a security and public infrastructure concern requiring the attention of relevant authorities.

Even more troubling is the role of those who purchase these materials. It is difficult to accept that buyers of manhole covers, cables, bridge components, railway materials and other government infrastructure would always be unaware of their origins. Where such materials are offered for sale under suspicious circumstances, buyers should be expected to exercise due diligence. Anyone who knowingly purchases stolen public property is not merely engaging in commerce; such a person is helping to sustain the criminal network responsible for the theft.

It is therefore worrying that successive administrations in Abuja have not appeared to give this problem the level of attention it deserves. Government agencies responsible for infrastructure, environmental enforcement and public safety must work closely with the police, civil defence authorities and other relevant security agencies to identify and raid locations where stolen public infrastructure is being traded. Such operations should not be limited to the arrest of street level vandals. Dealers, middlemen and buyers who knowingly participate in the illegal trade must also face investigation and prosecution.

The economic cost of this criminality is enormous. Every manhole cover, street light, cable, bridge rail or railway component stolen from public infrastructure must eventually be replaced. Money that could have been used to construct new roads, improve healthcare, provide schools, expand public transportation or address other pressing social needs is instead spent repeatedly replacing facilities that have already been provided. This creates a vicious cycle in which the government invests in infrastructure, criminals destroy it, and taxpayers are forced to finance its replacement.

There is also a broader question of public responsibility. Citizens should not remain passive when they witness the destruction or suspicious sale of public property. Communities have an important role to play in reporting vandals and suspicious dealers to the appropriate authorities. Government, on its part, must create effective reporting mechanisms and ensure that information supplied by citizens is acted upon. Enforcement will be difficult if citizens look the other way while stolen public property is openly traded in their communities.

The Federal Government, states and the FCT Administration and security agencies must therefore treat public infrastructure theft as a serious national security and economic issue. There should be a sustained crackdown on vandalism, proper regulation of scrap markets, effective monitoring of critical infrastructure and swift prosecution of those found culpable. Most importantly, enforcement must be consistent rather than occasional, because criminal networks quickly return whenever they discover that government attention has waned. Nigeria cannot afford to continue losing scarce public resources to vandals while millions of citizens struggle with inadequate infrastructure. The time to act decisively is now.

Tochukwu Jimo Obi, a concerned Nigerian writes from Obosi Anambra state.

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