Education
Will the COVID-19 Pandemic Help Reform West Africa’s Koranic Schools?

By Katrin Gänsler
The coronavirus pandemic has relaunched a debate on the treatment of children in Koranic schools in West Africa. The pandemic has made them more vulnerable. But very little has been done so far to support them.
Little boys in tattered clothes, holding a plastic bowl and begging for money or food are a ubiquitous sight throughout West Africa.
Usually, they wander around in small groups, reciting from the Koran. They are often seen at crossroads and bus stations, or trying their luck in large crowds, much to the displeasure of many passers-by. They chase the children away instead of helping them.In 2014, the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) estimated their number of these children, known locally as Almajirai, at around 9.
5 million in Nigeria alone. In French-speaking countries, the children are known as Talibes. According to the NGO Human Rights Watch, there are more than 100,000 Talibes in Senegal.But regardless of where they come from, these children essentially take part in the same system of Islamic education. Most are sent by their parents from rural regions to larger villages and cities. Many of them are still primary school age.
This practice has existed for 300 years and is neither new nor strange, says Sheik Nuruddeen Lemu from the Da’wah Institute for Islamic Studies in Nigeria. “Almajiri is the Hausa word for [Al] Muhajir, which in Arabic means migrant,” he told DW.
Unwanted children
The imams are responsible for the religious education of the children. They also teach tax and marriage law, among other things. In Nigeria, the Almajiri tradition is particularly common among the Hausa and Fulani ethnic groups and is considered more of a cultural than a religious phenomenon.
But many of the children who are forced by the imams to beg for survival live in dire conditions. Their accommodation is poor and the children are often punished with beatings. There are no sanitary facilities and they have no access to safe havens.
The coronavirus pandemic is therefore particularly dangerous for these young children. Poor living conditions increase their chances of infection. Many people also believe that they are helping to spread the virus, despite there being no evidence of this whatsoever.
Nevertheless, some governors in Nigeria have started to send the boys home – often against their will, in the middle of the night and sometimes through the use of violence. The State of Kaduna and its governor, Nasir El-Rufai, have even gone one step further. They submitted a law to parliament banning the practice of Almajirai.
“We want to dismantle the system so that children can remain with their parents,” said El-Rufai, “They should receive a modern education in the morning and Koran lessons in the afternoon.”
An old controversy
The proposed legislation has triggered a new round of the old controversy over the traditional practice. Critics view the El-Rufai initiative as a precipitate to an even worse situation for the children.
“I don’t think it will necessarily help bring the children back to their home villages,” Hannah Hoechner, a lecturer at the University of East Anglia who has done research on Koranic schools, told DW. “There were reasons why they left those places. The families have difficulty feeding all their children.” Hoechner believes that instead of sending away the children, measures should be taken to strengthen the rural economy.
Others think a fundamental reform of the system is required. “It offers religious learning, which is considered very useful,” Peter Hawkins, UNICEF’s representative in Nigeria told DW. But he also acknowledges a lack of transparency and binding standards.
“We don’t know what knowledge is being imparted to the children and how they are developing,” he says. “But we do know that children and young people coming out of this system face difficulties on the labor market. They find it difficult to adapt.”
The Malian example
Countries like Mali have been creating Franco-Arab schools, which could serve as a model. NGOs spent years campaigning for these institutions and managed to gradually convince the imams of the benefits. Children are still taught the Koran, but also mathematics and French. A growing number of girls are also attending these schools. Nigeria has a similar system called Islamiyya.
But, Hoechner isn’t completely convinced: “Schools can’t solve all the problems,” she emphasizes. In both cases, parents have to pay fees, as well as for uniforms and learning materials.
Koranic schools also have another advantage over traditional schooling for these children: “They adapt to the cultural work cycles,” explains Hoechner. “Students have holidays when they have to help their parents in the fields. Afterwards, they can easily come back, which is not the case with Islamiyya and Franco Arabes schools.”
Society must assume responsibility
Mohammed Sabo Keana, the founder of the Almajiri Child Rights Initiative, demands a reorganization of the whole system. His initiative, which supports the Almajirai in northern Nigeria, believes that Koranic schools should no longer be the responsibility of individual imams, but be supported by the village communities instead.
The activist demands equal involvement by the state, parents and society at large, saying they should also be in charge of finding a way to finance the schools. No one should be able to skirt responsibility for the children so easily. “But what we need above all are set rules,” says Sabo Keana. As of yet, there are none.
Education
How female Medicine Degree Holder Abandoned Certificate for Carpentry- Bugaje

The Executive Secretary, National Board for Technical Education (NBTE), Prof. Idris Bugaje has expressed the need to promote inclusivity, especially for women and persons with disabilities in technical education.
Bugaje stated this in Abuja while assessing the impact of President Bola Tinubu’s administration after two years in office.
He appealed for greater gender inclusivity in vocational and technical education, stressing that deliberate policies such as scholarships and incentives could help bridge the gender gap.
In support of his position, Bugaje shared an inspiring story of a female medical doctor who abandoned her medical career to pursue carpentry.
“There is a story I want to share with you, about a girl who was interested in becoming a carpenter.
“The father was a carpenter and they were four children in the family, three boys and herself.
“Whenever she joined the boys to the workshop, the father would send her away, saying, `you are a girl, go back to the house, you are not supposed to be a carpenter’’.
“Without giving considerations to the passion of the young girl, the father sent her to a medical school.
“She graduated with the MBBS, went and did the one-year internship after graduation, and chose a role as a medical doctor.
“After that, she came back to the father, returned the MBBS certificate to him, and thanked him.
“Afterward, she told the father that her passion is in carpentry, not to practice as medical doctor,” Bugaje narrated
He added that after spending seven years on medical training, the father had no option but to send her to Turkey to learn how to make furniture.
Addressing cultural and societal barriers often faced by young women in technical fields, Bugaje appealed to parents to support their daughters’ interests in trades like plumbing, electrical installation, and carpentry.
He also called on policymakers to prioritise passion and skill development among youth, especially girls, noting that such encouragement could lead to greater innovation and self-reliance.
“If they want to become carpenters, ICT experts, or POP artists, allow them.
“In skills’ training, passion is very important. That’s what motivates children and helps them innovate.
“We need to harness these innovations if the country is to move forward and rise beyond being a third-world nation,” he said.
He emphasized the need to have deliberate policies to encourage women to come into TVET through scholarships and other incentives. (NAN)
Education
WAEC Apologies for Conducting English Exam Late, Cites Leakage Prevention

The West African Examinations Council (WAEC) has apologized for delay in conducting English Language Paper 2 in the ongoing 2025 West African Senior School Certificate Examination (WASSCE).
The took place on Wednesday evening.
In a statement by Moyosola Adesina, Acting Head of Public Affairs Department of
WAEC, the council said that it encountered challenges.
”While maintaining the integrity and security of our examination, we faced considerable challenges primarily due to our major aim of preventing leakage of any paper.
“We recognise the importance of timely conduct of examinations and the impact of this decision on candidates, their schools and parents, and we sincerely apologise for any inconveniences caused,” WAEC stated.
It said that it successfully achieved its objective but it inadvertently impacted the timeliness and seamless conduct of the examination.
“In spite of our best efforts, we encountered logistical hurdles, security concerns and socio-cultural factors that negatively influenced our operations,” WAEC said.
The council re-affirmed its commitment to upholding the highest standard in examination conduct, and pledged to continue to promote academic excellence. (NAN)
Education
FG vows full WAEC CBT shift by 2026 – Minister

The Minister of Education, Dr Tunji Alausa, has reaffirmed the Federal Government’s commitment to fully transitioning to Computer-Based Test (CBT) examinations for the West African Examinations Council (WAEC) and other exam bodies by 2026.
Dr Alausa made this known while monitoring the conduct of WAEC’s CBT examinations in Abuja on Wednesday.
He expressed optimism about Nigeria’s capacity to modernise its examination system and reduce widespread malpractice through digital innovation.
Commending WAEC’s initiative, the minister described the shift from traditional pen-and-paper exams to CBT as a historic and crucial step toward fairness and educational integrity.
“We are working very hard to eliminate fraud in our exam system, and WAEC is taking the lead,” he said.
Highlighting the advantages of CBT, Alausa noted that the system simplified the exam process while significantly curbing cheating.
“We now have clear evidence that when exams are done using technology, the level of fraud is minimised to almost zero,” he stated.
He further lauded WAEC’s internal safeguards, explaining that the CBT system was operated via a secured Local Area Network (LAN), making it “literally impossible” to hack.
According to the minister, by Nov. 2025, all WAEC multiple-choice exams will be conducted using CBT.
He added that essay questions and NECO examinations would follow suit by 2026.
On infrastructure and logistics, particularly in remote areas, Alausa acknowledged the challenges but assured that scalable solutions are in progress.
“Are we going to be ready to provide every single needed infrastructure by November? Absolutely not.
“But as we move into the future, we will be ready. We have to challenge ourselves as government,” he said.
He also addressed concerns over the logistics of conducting multiple exams.
“In WAEC, the average student takes about eight to nine papers.
“They do it over several days. Those are the logistics we, as administrators, have to work through, and we already are,” he explained.
The ongoing WAEC exams, which began on April 24, are scheduled to conclude on June 20, 2025.
A total of 1,973,253 candidates from 23,554 schools are participating. Of this number, 979,228 candidates are male, accounting for 49.63 per cent, while 994,025 candidates are female, making up 50.37 per cent.(NAN)