OPINION
Tracking Nigeria’s Fight against Migrant Smuggling through Data
By Ibironke Ariyo
Nigeria’s migration corridors are now more frequently targeted by organised criminal networks exploiting citizens seeking opportunities abroad.
Emerging evidence shows that these operations are becoming more sophisticated and driven by technology.
In recent years, authorities say migrant smuggling has evolved into a complex transnational enterprise, requiring coordinated national responses, stronger institutional frameworks and intelligence-led enforcement strategies.
At the centre of this response is the Nigeria Immigration Service (NIS).
The Service combines border surveillance, intelligence sharing, prosecution support and sustained public sensitisation to disrupt smuggling networks operating within and beyond Nigeria’s borders.
To provide context, migration experts note that migrant smuggling differs from human trafficking because migrants initially consent to movement.
However, deception, exploitation and abandonment often follow when smugglers prioritise profit over safety and legality.
According to the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC), West Africa remains a major origin and transit region for smuggling routes leading to North Africa, Europe and parts of the Middle East.
The UN body says this is largely driven by unemployment pressures and widespread misinformation.
More importantly, UNODC reports indicate that smugglers now rely heavily on forged travel documents, visa fraud, fake employment schemes and online recruitment platforms.
While this reduces dependence on dangerous desert crossings, it greatly increases financial exploitation risks for migrants.
Against this backdrop, NIS officials say statistics are currently guiding enforcement decisions and shaping operational priorities.
In recent operational years, immigration authorities recorded thousands of refused departures at Nigerian airports after identifying passengers travelling with suspicious documentation or inconsistent migration histories.
Explaining this shift, an NIS border commander said advanced passenger screening systems now enable officers to detect irregular travel patterns before departure.
“We are no longer reacting at borders alone; intelligence begins before passengers arrive at airports.
“Technology integration has significantly improved early detection capabilities across major international terminals,” he said.
Similarly, at a stakeholders’ sensitisation seminar held on Nov. 11, 2025, titled “Evolving Patterns in Smuggling of Migrants: Towards a Coordinated National Response,” officials highlighted changing smuggling tactics.
They stressed that smugglers are currently exploiting legal travel channels rather than relying solely on irregular border crossings.
Providing further insight, the Comptroller-General of NIS, Kemi Nandap, said the Service had strengthened its legal and institutional frameworks while expanding training programmes to improve officers’ capacity to detect and prevent smuggling activities.
“Recently, the border patrol at Seme denied entry to 332 migrants without valid travel documents.
“294 Nigerians, suspected of attempting irregular migration under the ‘Japa Syndrome,’ were stopped from leaving the country,” she said.
In addition, the NIS CG noted that 36 victims of human trafficking and child labour were rescued at the border, attributing the successes to improved surveillance, including the installation of new CCTV cameras at strategic locations.
Furthermore, during the inauguration of the 2025 Anti-Smuggling of Migrants Week in Abuja, the Federal Government pledged to further strengthen Nigeria’s intelligence architecture and border security framework to dismantle organised smuggling syndicates.
Nandap said the government was intensifying a multi-layered response to emerging smuggling trends that pose serious risks to human life and national security.
She reaffirmed the commitment of the Service, pledging that the NIS would continue to deepen border security and intelligence capabilities, dismantle smuggling networks, prosecute offenders and protect migrants, especially women and children.
In the same vein, she said the Service would strengthen domestic and international partnerships while upholding the dignity and human rights of migrants regardless of status.
Highlighting the urgency of the situation, Nandap said Nigeria, as a country of origin, transit and destination, could not afford to ignore the growing sophistication of smuggling networks.
She explained that these networks now rely heavily on digital platforms, encrypted communication, falsified documents and transnational criminal collaborations.
She warned that migrants were increasingly exposed to grave dangers, including trafficking, extortion, sexual exploitation, violence and death, especially along irregular desert and sea routes.
“The activities of smugglers threaten border integrity, public safety and internal security.
“The NIS, with the support of the Minister of Interior, Dr Olubunmi Tunji-Ojo, has adopted a technology-driven and intelligence-led strategy to combat the menace.
“The Service has strengthened surveillance across land, sea and air borders through the deployment of a Command and Control Centre that mirrors nationwide operations, alongside the Migration Information and Data Analysis System.
“Also, Advanced Passenger Information Systems, Passenger Name Records, e-gates at international airports and Huawei-powered e-border solutions installed at more than 144 border locations nationwide,” she maintained.
Beyond national efforts, Nandap added that Nigeria had continued to deepen cooperation with ECOWAS, the African Union (AU), the International Organisation for Migration (IOM), the UNODC and INTERPOL, among others.
According to her, these partnerships enhance capacity building, intelligence sharing, joint investigations and safe return programmes, while bilateral agreements with transit and destination countries have improved early warning systems and cross-border law enforcement.
Equally important, she said the Service had scaled up public sensitisation to counter false narratives used by smugglers to lure young Nigerians.
She revealed that more than 579,000 National Youth Service Corps (NYSC) members were sensitised in 2025.
“This is in addition to widespread outreach in border communities, schools, transport unions and youth associations across the country.
“The campaigns focus on exposing digital recruitment tactics, fake job offers abroad and the importance of safe, orderly and regular migration channels,” she emphasised.
Reinforcing the human dimension of the crisis, Nandap said, “The fight against the smuggling of migrants is not only a security imperative but also a moral responsibility.
“Every smuggled migrant represents a life at risk and a family disrupted”.
She urged government agencies, international organisations, civil society and the private sector to sustain collaboration.
“Our success depends on acting as one national front guided by protection, accountability, and human dignity. Together, we can build a Nigeria where safe and regular migration becomes the norm,” she maintained.
In a related development, the Chairman of the Nigerians in Diaspora Commission (NIDCOM), Abike Dabiri-Erewa, also cautioned Nigerians against embarking on dangerous and irregular migration journeys.
Speaking at an event organised by the Nigerian Bar Association Human Rights Institute to commemorate the 2025 International Human Rights Day, she highlighted the risks associated with such decisions.
Dabiri Erewa said that over the years, many Nigerians had willingly entered life-threatening situations abroad, noting that the commission was working with partners to assist stranded citizens.
“In Iraq alone, there are over 7,000 stranded. They are looking for hope and hopelessness. Citizens often underestimate the dangers of illegal migration,” she lamented.
She advised Nigerians to invest in opportunities at home, stressing that, “the grass is not greener on the other side. The grass is greener where you water it”.
To further illustrate the risks, she cited a case of a young woman who returned from Libya after using funds meant for medical care to finance her journey.
“She paid around N2.5 million to travel illegally to Libya despite lacking medical care at home; this money could have been used for better purposes.
“She came back with nothing. Such cases illustrate why advocacy and preventive measures are crucial,” she said.
Highlighting the dangers along migration routes, Dabiri-Erewa revealed that one in 24 migrants risk being killed in Libya, adding that efforts were ongoing to repatriate 10,500 stranded children.
She emphasised the need for a whole-of-government and whole-of-society approach to address the problem.
Meanwhile, experts say enforcement gains are increasingly being measured beyond arrests alone.
For instance, coordinated monitoring has helped dismantle document-fraud networks operating between Nigeria and destination countries, leading to arrests and ongoing prosecutions through inter-agency collaboration.
In addition, the IOM reports that thousands of stranded Nigerian migrants have been assisted through voluntary return programmes, many recounting deception by smugglers.
Analysts argue that such return statistics indirectly reflect prevention success, as awareness campaigns reduce vulnerability to recruitment networks.
Corroborating this view, an NIS public affairs officer said sensitisation campaigns across universities, motor parks and border communities now form a core prevention strategy addressing misinformation driving irregular migration.
The officer said enforcement alone cannot solve migrant smuggling, adding that education is essential because smugglers thrive where accurate migration information is absent.
From a broader policy perspective, experts from academia note that Nigeria’s migration governance has gradually shifted from reactive policing to preventive migration management, aligning with international best practices.
Similarly, improved coordination with neighbouring countries has strengthened intelligence exchanges targeting smuggling facilitators operating along porous land borders.
Security analysts say joint patrol arrangements and biometric verification systems have reduced identity fraud, a key enabler of migrant smuggling operations.
Migration researchers also note that biometric data integration allows authorities to track repeat migration attempts linked to organised smuggling rings, thereby strengthening investigative evidence used in prosecutions.
At the same time, the National Agency for the Prohibition of Trafficking in Persons (NAPTIP) has partnered with NIS to distinguish trafficking victims from smuggled migrants, ensuring that rescued individuals receive protection rather than punishment.
Officials say this collaboration has improved victim identification procedures at airports and border posts, preventing wrongful detention of vulnerable migrants.
Gender specialists further highlight that women and young people remain disproportionately targeted, especially through deceptive domestic work recruitment schemes.
Humanitarian agencies also report that many returnees face heavy debt burdens after paying large sums to smugglers, underscoring the economic dimension of migrant smuggling.
Given these dynamics, experts stress that measuring NIS impact must go beyond arrest figures to include prevention outcomes, reduced fraudulent departures and improved public awareness.
They argue that success indicators increasingly include behavioural change among travellers, reflected in higher compliance with documentation requirements and declining reliance on informal migration agents.
NIS officials say ongoing training programmes are equipping officers with investigative skills aligned with international migration law while ensuring respect for human rights.
In addition, the agency has adopted digital record systems to improve data accuracy, enabling policymakers to track long-term migration patterns and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions.
Observers note that Nigeria’s reforms align with broader African Union efforts promoting safe, orderly and regular migration pathways across the continent.
However, albeit these gains, experts warn that economic pressures and global labour demand will continue to sustain migrant smuggling attempts.
They therefore call for sustained investment in technology, partnerships and public education.
Ultimately, migration researchers conclude that data-driven strategies offer Nigeria a strong tool against evolving smuggling tactics, enabling authorities to anticipate trends rather than merely respond to crises. (NAN)
Analysis
Much Ado About the PBAT Door-to-Door Movement
By Catherine Agbo
In the unfolding drama of Nigerian political discourse, few things excite the commentary circuit quite like a prominent figure stepping decisively into the political arena.
The recent media frenzy surrounding the activities of the High Chief Government Ekpemupolo-led PBAT Door-to-Door Movement is a classic study in selective outrage.
Ekpemupolo, popularly known as Tompolo, is the Grand Patron of the movement.
From editorial columns in national dailies to online commentary, critics have been relentless in dishing out opinions about the group’s activities targeted at mobilising support for President Bola Tinubu’s re-election campaign.
Yet, beneath the righteous indignation lies a fundamental misinterpretation of constitutional rights and democratic principles.
The narratives being spun across several opinion pieces, such as those asking why Tompolo should be actively involved in partisan politics or phoney groups labelling his endorsement as “deceptive,” are all built on shaky foundation.
Critics point to his role as a major security stakeholder in the Niger Delta and argue that a person of his background should remain politically passive or detached from party politics. Others question the deployment of operational vehicles and logistics to coordinators of the movement across states for the campaign, framing legitimate political mobilisation as an overreach.
However, this wave of criticism ignores a fundamental truth, that Nigeria is a constitutional democracy governed by the rule of law.
Section 39 and 40 of the 1999 Constitution of the Federal Republic of Nigeria (as amended) guarantee every citizen the right to freedom of expression and the right to peaceful assembly and association.
These rights are not reserved exclusively for career politicians, armchair intellectuals, or media commentators, they belong to every Nigerian citizen in equal measure.
Critics who have raised the alarm over campaign spending have also conveniently ignored the provisions of Nigeria’s statutory electoral framework.
The way I see it, High Chief Ekpemupolo has not gone against the Electoral Act 2026 in any way.
The Electoral Act 2026 sets clear financial caps on direct spending by individual candidates and limits on direct monetary donations to political parties or candidates’ accounts.
It also limits the amount a donor can make to a candidate or political party to N500 million.
The Electoral Act 2026 does not, however, specify, mandate, or place any financial spending ceiling for independent third-party support groups, non-governmental movements, or citizen-led mobilisation platforms.
Because the law contains no statutory cap on what an independent group can spend to mobilise voters, logistically equip its coordinators, or advocate for a candidate, Tompolo’s support group operates entirely within the legal limits of the Nigerian electoral law.
To invent non-existent legal infractions simply to tar a political support group is a disingenuous exercise in bad faith.
Tompolo has not been indicted by any court of competent jurisdiction, nor has he violated any law of the land by supporting a presidential candidate of his choice.
He has not been found wanting in any legal measure whatsoever for exercising his democratic suffrage and organising a political support group.
To, therefore, suggest that he should sit on the sidelines while other private citizens and influencers exercise their constitutionally guaranteed right to endorse and fund candidates is to demand a double standard that borders on hypocrisy.
Political association in a democratic society is rooted in choice, conviction, and interest.
If Tompolo believes that the current administration’s policies, particularly in stabilised oil production, maritime security, infrastructure, increased allocation to states, security, especially the State Police bill which 25 state Houses of Assembly have already approved, among others, align with the long-term prosperity of his constituency and the nation, he is within his full constitutional rights to persuade others to share that vision.
Mobilising grassroots support at the ward, household, and polling-unit levels through peaceful door-to-door engagement is the very essence of citizen participation in governance. It is political organising at its most fundamental level.
Those rushing to judge him prematurely are mistaking political enthusiasm for wrongdoing.
A citizen’s choice to donate campaign vehicles, set up organisational structures, and hold political rallies across different geopolitical zones is standard practice in presidential politics globally. In democratic climates, such actions are celebrated as evidence of civic investment and grassroots empowerment. Why should a different standard be constructed when the participant happens to be an influential opinion leader like Tompolo?
The online backlash and critical editorials reveal a deeper prejudice.
Nigeria’s democracy matures when citizens participate freely without fear of unwarranted public trial by the media.
The PBAT Door-to-Door Movement is operating entirely within the boundaries of civil political engagement and statutory electoral law. Rather than attacking the messenger, critics would do well to focus their energy on robust policy debates, engaging the electorate on ideas rather than seeking to curtail the lawful rights of individuals.
Tompolo has broken no law, breached no electoral act provision, and violated no constitutional mandate. He is simply exercising his fundamental right as a free citizen of Nigeria to associate, express his preference, and campaign for the candidate he trusts to lead the country. The misplaced outrage and hasty judgments filling opinion pages ought to be laid to rest.
In a free nation, the right to choose belongs to everyone and Tompolo is no exception.
Agbo, a strategic and development communication expert writes from Abuja.
OPINION
Restoring the Naira as a Store of Value
By Uddin Ifeanyi
Much of the palaver over the recent meeting of the Central Bank of Nigeria’s policy committee was exercised by how well the apex bank is doing its job. Against its primary goal of maintaining price stability, the CBN’s Monetary Policy Committee’s decision to recalibrate its monetary policy rate (MPR) in order to align it with the market invited the most attention.
First, there is the question of what the MPR anchors.
In reality, nothing. Ideally, however, the CBN’s policy rate should transmit price signals through the financial system, influencing saving, borrowing, liquidity, inflation expectations, and in the end, the naira’s exchange rate. It should, in other words, signal the central bank’s intentions. Yet, we have had years in which the MPR stoically remained unchanged even as inflation ran riot, and the naira’s exchange rate came under severe downward pressure.The CBN has regularly papered over this crack with an often-bewildering arsenal of tools — including some eccentric flimflams that it has deployed in recent times. But this only raises further questions as to how useful even these are. Take the cash reserve requirement.
At 45 percent for deposit money banks, it means that nearly half of banks’ qualifying deposits are warehoused with the central bank at any given time. While these sums may not, therefore, be available to build bubbles in the foreign exchange and equity markets, they are not likewise available for lending. Even if we argue that long-term lending ought properly to be funded by equity, banks and not shareholders should bear the burden of financing businesses’ working capital needs. Then, there is the small matter of how the CBN’s cash reserve requirement might be just as orphaned as its policy rate.
Banks raising naira deposits end up paying the CRR tax. In an economy that has witnessed considerable dollarisation — “the process where a country uses a foreign currency (most often the greenback) alongside or completely in place of its own domestic currency” over the years, does it matter that deposits into domiciliary accounts are not CRR compliant? And how?
Might the “dollarisation” phenomenon hold the key to the CBN’s toolkit’s redundancies? Countries formally adopt the dollar in place of their domestic currencies when locals lose faith in the latter. This process restores the stability that struggling economies often find unable to achieve with their currencies and drives investment inflows.
Nigeria’s dollarisation is only partial and barely adjacent. Yet, while the country may not have lost the gains — seigniorage — from printing its own currency that is one consequence of dollarisation, the CBN looks to have partially lost control of the monetary policy space, with the sums that Nigerians increasingly park in their dollar accounts.
There are, thankfully, many ways to regain this control without having to nationalise dollar deposits. Neither the CBN nor the government can talk their way out of this, though. You cannot tell Nigerians to keep their savings in naira while offering them a savings rate below inflation. The smart choice in this circumstance is for domestic economic actors to move their savings into dollars, property, equities, commodities, inventory, or other assets.
Giving Nigerians a reason to save in naira should thus be the central goal of a policy reset. How to do this? We have got to keep inflation low. At 30% year-on-year a while back, the CPI numbers were an outrage. At a little over 15 percent today, it is still doing great injury to the naira. N100 today has roughly the purchasing power of only ₦50 after five years. The solution here goes beyond the CBN setting a credible, explicit medium-term inflation target.
It also transcends the CBN laying out incentive structures that make deviations from this target costly both politically and institutionally. More than this, the national commitment to the CBN not financing fiscal deficits must be religious and total. While this means that monetary policy is no longer subordinate to the federal government’s financing requirements, it must aim at positive real interest rates for savers.
Still a spectre haunts monetary policy in Nigeria. It is unfortunately not in the CBN’s gift to exorcise the nightmare that the federal government’s financing requirements have become.
How do we persuade our public sector boffins that a government that persistently spends more than it can sustainably pay for creates pressure for any of higher taxation, additional borrowing, monetary accommodation, inflation, or the naira’s depreciation? If the naira is only as strong as Nigeria’s balance sheet, then the task of getting both the fiscal and monetary authorities to operate under a common nominal inflation anchor must begin with reducing recurrent expenditure, broadening the tax base instead of increasing the tax rate, returning off-budget borrowing back to the budget, publishing complete fiscal accounts, improving the quality of public investment, establishing a credible medium-term strategy, and ceasing to use the CBN as a piggy bank.
Hopefully, this should help the economy produce more tradable goods and services. Because the naira represents a claim on the economy by anyone holding it, we cannot permanently defend the currency’s exchange rate through interest rates and reserves, if the economy continually uses up more foreign exchange than it earns. In other words, then, the economy must work for the naira to work.
Uddin Ifeanyi, a journalist manqué and retired civil servant, can be reached @IfeanyiUddin.
OPINION
Nigerian Disability; We Sold the Well, Charged for and Withheld the Water
By Prince Charles Dickson Ph.D
There is an old story about a lawyer who sold his well to a teacher, then returned demanding payment for the water inside it. The teacher smiled. If the water still belonged to the lawyer, he replied, perhaps the lawyer should remove it or pay rent for storing it in somebody else’s well.
Suddenly, the lawyer remembered he had only been joking.It is funny until we recognise ourselves as lawyers.
We tell people with disabilities that public spaces belong to everyone. Then we demand an additional price for entering them.
We give them citizenship, but charge for the ramp. We promise education, but make the classroom unreachable. We proclaim equal opportunity, then construct the doorway too narrow for their wheelchair.That contradiction came home to me when Grace shared her story with me, she titled Public Place Accessible Report for Inclusion. It contained no sentimental appeal. It simply insisted that public places should allow everyone to enter, move, communicate, receive services and participate independently, safely and with dignity.
I listened to it in her voice once as a report. Then, I read it again as an indictment.
Behind every line was somebody’s ordinary day made unnecessarily difficult. A mother arrives at a hospital, already frightened for her child, discovering that the entrance has steps but no ramp. A young man preparing carefully for an interview, only to find his opportunity waiting upstairs without a lift. An older woman confronting a pavement that has forgotten her legs cannot move as quickly as they once did.
These are imagined scenes, but the barriers Grace identified are painfully real. Poorly enforced building standards. Toilets that exclude. Transport that humiliates. Signs people cannot read. Public information people cannot hear. Facilities built without consulting those who will need to use them.
Grace’s intervention mattered because she did not reduce accessibility to a construction problem. Her story and experience understood something profound: every inaccessible entrance is also a message. Sometimes it says, “We did not think of you.” Sometimes, more cruelly, it says, “We thought of you, but you were not worth the expense.”
What does that message do to a child’s heart?
Imagine a girl with cerebral palsy watching other children rush into a school assembly while she waits outside for someone to carry her over the steps. Imagine her learning, year after year, that she must be grateful for help rather than entitled to access. Imagine how quietly a society can teach someone to apologise for existing.
On 3 October 2026, at GlowingStar Empowerment Initiative and Development’s World Cerebral Palsy Day commemoration in Bukuru, I delivered a keynote titled Beyond Therapy: Seeing the Whole Person, Not Just the Condition. Its central argument was simple: a person has cerebral palsy; cerebral palsy does not have the person.
A diagnosis is information, not identity. Therapy is necessary, valuable and sometimes life changing. But therapy is supposed to be a bridge into life, not the whole landscape of living. Beyond treatment are friendships, classrooms, jobs, ambitions, relationships, leadership, laughter, choices and dreams that deserve room to breathe.
We can celebrate a child’s progress in therapy while failing that same child at the school gate. We can praise a parent’s devotion while exhausting that parent with inaccessible transport, expensive care and the endless labour of explaining why their child deserves a chance. We can call ourselves compassionate while our architecture remains indifferent. At the commemoration, parents spoke of stigma, costly therapy and limited support. Their courage was unmistakable, but courage should not be the currency families must spend to secure ordinary human rights.
That was why I argued that admission is not inclusion. Allowing a child through the gate means little if the classroom, teaching methods, toilet, playground or attitudes inside still tell that child to remain on the margins.
And communication must never be confused with intelligence. When someone speaks differently or needs more time, our responsibility is neither impatience nor pity. Ask. Then wait. Listen without finishing their sentences. A human voice does not lose its authority because it travels by an unfamiliar route.
I returned to Grace’s story and noticed how practical her demands were: sensible ramps and handrails, usable toilets, safe pathways, accessible transport, clear signage, Braille, captions, audio information and regular audits. It called for architects, officials and contractors to understand universal design, and for people with disabilities themselves to help plan and evaluate the spaces they use.
Nothing about us without us. That principle is not a decorative language for conferences. It is what stops a well-meaning official from installing a ramp that is too steep, or declaring a school inclusive without asking the students to navigate its corridors.
Nigeria has legal commitments against disability discrimination. Yet a law that cannot travel from the statute book to a bus stop, hospital, workplace or classroom remains a promise stranded on paper. Rights should not require influential relatives, public sympathy or a viral photograph before anyone honours them.
Sometimes, as I said in that keynote, society needs therapy. Our buildings need rehabilitation. Our policies need rehabilitation. Our assumptions, professional habits and careless language need rehabilitation. We must stop asking only how a person can adapt to a hostile environment and begin asking why we made that environment hostile.
I keep thinking about Grace, my newfound friend. As she shared recommendations, their moral weight was larger than the suggestions itself. She reminded me that inclusion often begins when someone refuses to look away from what everyone else has learned to step over. It begins with the uncomfortable decision to measure progress not by the elegance of our speeches, but by who can actually enter the room.
The lawyer in the story wanted to sell the well while keeping its water hostage. Too often, our society offers people with disabilities belonging without access, opportunity without accommodation, dignity without choice. Then it calls every concession generosity.
But the water was never ours to withhold.
Every child deserves more than survival. Every caregiver deserves more than exhaustion. Every adult with a disability deserves the freedom to work, love, contribute and belong without performing gratitude for rights already theirs. The purpose of inclusion is not to make people feel fortunate to be tolerated. It is to build a country where nobody must beg to be considered human.
So, Grace, thank you for disturbing our comfort with something as unromantic, and as revolutionary, as sharing your story with me. May we answer it with budgets, redesigned spaces, enforced standards and genuine listening. May the next child approaching a public doorway find no argument waiting there, only an opening.


