Health
Viral Hepatitis: A Silent Threat Nigeria Cannot Ignore
By Abiemwense Moru
For millions of Nigerians, viral hepatitis remains a silent health threat, progressing unnoticed for years without obvious symptoms.
It often manifests as severe liver disease, cirrhosis or cancer, by which time treatment may be limited, more complex and costly.
As the world marked the 2026 World Hepatitis Day recently, health experts renewed calls for increased awareness, wider screening and improved access to treatment to reduce infections and prevent avoidable deaths.
The global theme, “Hepatitis: Let’s Break It Down,” underscores the need to remove barriers to information, testing, vaccination and treatment while ensuring equitable access to quality healthcare.
According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), viral hepatitis causes about 1.3 million deaths annually, mainly from liver cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Hundreds of millions of people live with chronic hepatitis B and C globally, many unaware of their infection because symptoms often appear only after significant liver damage.
Nigeria bears one of Africa’s highest hepatitis burdens, with more than 20 million people estimated to be living with hepatitis B and C.
Many remain undiagnosed, fuelling continued transmission within communities.
Health experts therefore advocate greater awareness, wider screening and timely treatment to reduce infections and prevent complications.
Consultant Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, Dr Adaeze Oreh, says hepatitis B and C remain major public health challenges because many infected Nigerians are unaware of their status until extensive liver damage occurs.
She says widespread misconceptions, including beliefs that hepatitis results from spiritual attacks or witchcraft, discourage testing in spite of the availability of effective prevention and treatment.
According to Oreh, delayed diagnosis allows infections to progress silently and increases transmission within families, communities and healthcare settings.
She says simple blood tests can detect hepatitis early, enabling treatment that prevents liver failure, cirrhosis and liver cancer.
Oreh also advocates routine screening and administering hepatitis B vaccines within 24 hours of birth to prevent mother-to-child transmission, noting that many infections are detected only during routine medical examinations.
For Grace James, a hepatitis B diagnosis during antenatal screening initially brought fear and uncertainty.
However, counselling and regular medical follow-up reassured her that proper care could protect both mother and child.
She says adherence to medical advice and strong family support have enabled her to remain healthy.
James believes her experience demonstrates how early diagnosis and accurate information can transform fear into confidence while reducing the risk of complications and transmission.
Similarly, Musa Abdullahi discovered his hepatitis status during a routine medical examination conducted for employment.
Although he had no symptoms, doctors placed him on regular monitoring and advised him on healthy lifestyle practices to protect his liver.
Today, Abdullahi says he continues to live and work normally, urging Nigerians to embrace screening because knowing one’s status is the first step towards prevention and treatment.
While personal experiences illustrate hepatitis’ human impact, state governments are expanding interventions to improve early detection, vaccination and awareness.
In Adamawa, authorities say more than 240,000 residents have been screened under an ongoing campaign targeting about 300,000 people in Yola South Local Government Area.
The Commissioner for Health and Human Services, Mr Muhammed Jada, says many infected persons remain unaware of their status until serious complications develop.
He says awareness, testing, vaccination and timely treatment are essential to reducing hepatitis-related deaths while urging stronger efforts to combat stigma that discourages people from seeking care.
The state has also strengthened routine childhood immunisation, blood safety measures, infection prevention and public awareness campaigns.
Executive Chairman of the Adamawa Health Management Service Board, Dr Aiden Amzaranda, says the state’s hepatitis burden is worrying, citing findings from Garkida General Hospital where about 120 of 400 people screened tested positive.
In Plateau, the Commissioner for Health, Dr Nicholas Ba’amlong, reports hepatitis B and C prevalence rates of 13.9 per cent and 6.8 per cent respectively, while studies among pregnant women indicate a prevalence of 9.2 per cent.
Data from the hepatology unit of Jos University Teaching Hospital also point to increasing numbers of chronic hepatitis B and liver cancer patients, underscoring the need for wider screening and vaccination.
Consultant Gastroenterologist and Hepatologist, Prof. Duguru John, says hepatitis is commonly transmitted through unscreened blood transfusions, unprotected sex, mother-to-child transmission and the sharing of unsterilised sharp objects.
He urges Nigerians to receive vaccinations, insist on properly screened blood and practise safe infection-prevention measures.
Medical Director of Mercy Way Medical Centre, Dr Patrick Omogbohun, says viral hepatitis accounts for about 80 per cent of liver cancer deaths globally.
According to him, more than 800,000 people develop liver cancer annually while over 700,000 die from the disease, highlighting the need for stronger prevention, screening and treatment programmes.
Although millions remain unaware of their infection, he notes that effective vaccines, diagnostic tools and treatments are available and should be made more accessible.
Lagos State has also intensified free screening, vaccination and awareness campaigns across communities, including Ikorodu, Isolo and Ajeromi.
The initiative provides hepatitis screening, counselling, vaccination and referral services, while public awareness campaigns use radio, television, social media and community outreach to educate residents.
State AIDS Programme Coordinator, Dr Oladipupo Fisher, identifies poor awareness as a major obstacle to hepatitis prevention.
The state has trained 28 health facilities to provide hepatitis services and vaccinated thousands of healthcare workers, with development partners supporting the effort through donations of vaccines, testing kits and outreach activities.
Beyond state interventions, the Africa Centres for Disease Control and Prevention says Africa has the knowledge and tools needed to eliminate viral hepatitis if governments sustain investment and collaboration.
The agency advocates expanded testing and treatment, timely birth-dose vaccination, stronger laboratory systems and increased domestic financing.
Globally, WHO aims to reduce new hepatitis infections by 90 per cent and hepatitis-related deaths by 65 per cent by 2030, but warns that millions remain undiagnosed and untreated, especially in low-resource settings.
For Nigeria, the message from this year’s World Hepatitis Day is clear; awareness, routine screening, vaccination and timely treatment must become integral to healthcare delivery.
Although viral hepatitis remains a major public health challenge, experts say it is largely preventable, detectable and, in many cases, treatable.
They urge sustained investment in prevention, improved access to care and stronger public awareness to reduce infections and prevent avoidable deaths.
Such efforts, they say, will help Nigeria achieve the global goal of eliminating viral hepatitis as a public health threat by 2030. (NAN)
Health
Agency Seals 12 Islamic Medicine Stores, One Clinic in Niger Crackdown
The Niger State Private Health Facilities Agency (NiSPHFA) has sealed 12 unregistered Islamic medicine stores in Minna and a health facility in Katcha Local Government Area (LGA).
The Executive Chairman of NiSPHFA, Dr.
Abdullahi Suleiman, disclosed this while receiving members of the Islamic and Prophetic Medicine Practitioners’ Association of Nigeria (IPMPAN) in Minna.The enforcement is part of the agency’s renewed efforts to protect residents from unsafe healthcare practices and ensure compliance with minimum standards.
Suleiman said the facilities were sealed over alleged non-compliance with regulatory standards.
According to him, the enforcement is not aimed at persecuting healthcare providers but at ensuring residents have access to safe, quality, and standard-compliant healthcare services.
“Our responsibility is to protect the people by ensuring that anyone providing healthcare services operates within the required standards,” he said.
He urged genuine alternative medicine practitioners to register with NiSPHFA, saying registration would enable the agency to identify operators, monitor their activities, and protect residents from unsafe products and practices.
Suleiman also announced plans to organise a trade fair for verified alternative medicine practitioners to promote legitimate practices and improve public confidence in alternative healthcare.
He emphasised the need for practitioners to maintain minimum standards of hygiene, sanitation, safe preparation and storage of medicines, proper packaging, and infection prevention.
“Practitioners should refer patients whose conditions are beyond their capacity to appropriate health facilities. Such referrals will help reduce avoidable health risks,” he said.
The chairman said sustained enforcement, stakeholder collaboration, and improved compliance would enable NiSPHFA to safeguard residents and promote a safer, more accountable, and quality-driven healthcare system across the state.
He said the NiSPHFA enforcement team inspected 10 health facilities in Katcha local government and identified various irregularities requiring improvement.
Suleiman said the affected facilities were issued 21-day notices to correct the identified deficiencies.
“One of the facilities inspected was sealed for non-compliance with established standards,” he said.
He added that the agency also secured the support of the local government area in identifying and addressing facilities operating with irregularities.
IPMPAN Chairman, Abdullahi Haske, commended the state government for establishing NiSPHFA.
He pledged the association’s cooperation in ensuring that its members complied with regulatory requirements.
Health
Stakeholders Seek Improved Health Budget Implementation, Accountability in Kaduna
Stakeholders have called for improved implementation, tracking and accountability of health sector budgets to strengthen healthcare delivery and advance Universal Health Coverage (UHC) in Kaduna State.
They made the call during an engagement on strengthening participatory budget processes, health budget tracking and advocacy on Saturday in Kaduna, with emphasis on the 2027 budget process and implementation of the Annual Operational Plan (AOP) for the health sector.
Seth Luke, a Civil Society Coach on strengthening participatory budget processes under the Open Government Partnership (OGP) Kaduna, said the engagement was aimed at strengthening the capacity of OGP Technical Working Groups and state and local government accountability mechanisms to effectively participate in budget processes and advocacy.
Seth said the engagement was particularly focused on the health sector, including tracking the implementation of the Annual Operational Plan as the state commenced preparations for the 2027 budget.
“We want to see how we can track the implementation of the Annual Operational Plan for the health sector and, from our findings, bring out recommendations around improving funding and other areas that require attention,” he said.
He said the government needed to prioritise health financing beyond budgetary allocation by ensuring effective implementation of approved programmes and projects.
According to him, budget allocation represents government plans based on expected revenue, but available resources should be prioritised toward activities capable of improving healthcare and service delivery at the grassroots.
Seth urged participants to use the knowledge and findings from the engagement to engage relevant government stakeholders on improving health financing and budget implementation.
He also encouraged them to extend the knowledge gained to other sectors and continuously engage government on budgeting, accountability and service delivery.
Similarly, Garba Mohammed, Co-Chair of the Kaduna Maternal Accountability Mechanism (KADMAM), said the engagement was aimed at reviewing health budget performance against key indicators linked to maternal mortality reduction and child survival.
Mohammed said participants examined first and second quarter performance, particularly in areas such as family planning, Maternal, Newborn and Child Health (MNCAH), nutrition, malaria, immunisation and essential medicines.
He said family planning interventions largely involved commodities at the primary healthcare level, while MNCAH activities remained largely donor-dependent.
Mohammed commended the Kaduna State Government for meeting the Abuja Declaration benchmark of allocating at least 15 per cent of its annual budget to health.
He, however, expressed concern over gaps in the implementation of some critical health budget lines, stressing that allocation alone was not enough to improve health outcomes.
“We have looked at the budget allocation, and Kaduna State has met the 15 per cent Abuja Declaration benchmark. We commend the state for that. However, there are still issues around budget performance in critical health indicators,” he said.
He said the findings would be used to identify advocacy priorities and engage key government decision-makers, including the Ministry of Health, Planning and Budget Commission, Ministry of Finance and other relevant authorities.
Mohammed said participants were expected to understand the relevant health budget lines and their implementation status and use the knowledge to undertake evidence-based advocacy in their respective organisations.
Meanwhile, Yusuf Guje, Executive Director, Civic Impact for Sustainable Development Foundation (CISDF), and a participant at the programme, told the News Agency of Nigeria (NAN) that the engagement was timely in strengthening the capacity of civil society and accountability mechanisms.
Guje said the programme would deepen participants’ capacity in budget tracking, project monitoring and social auditing, particularly within the health sector.
He described the health sector as a critical pillar of development, saying civil society organisations had an important role to play in complementing government efforts through effective monitoring and accountability.
He said CSOs needed to strengthen their ability to analyse budgets, track expenditure and visit healthcare facilities to determine whether appropriated and released funds were being properly utilised.
“Civil society needs to really improve on how effectively we analyse the budget, how we track the spending, and go down to the various facilities to see how well the money appropriated and released is being utilised,” Guje said.
He said effective monitoring would help determine the extent to which communities benefited from government investments in healthcare.
According to him, Kaduna State’s commitment to Universal Health Coverage could only be strengthened through sustainable health financing and effective accountability mechanisms.
Guje described CSOs as representatives of communities that often lacked the knowledge, skills and platforms required to engage government on public policies and resource allocation.
He therefore urged civil society actors to continuously strengthen their capacity to represent citizens effectively, particularly in health financing advocacy and accountability.
“As civil society, we need to remain committed to holding the government accountable where necessary and tracking the entire health financing process,” he said.
Guje said the ultimate objective of budget tracking and social accountability was to ensure value for money in public expenditure on health.
He added that effective monitoring of public finances would contribute to improved healthcare delivery and better health outcomes at the grassroots. (NAN)
Health
C’River Makes Health Insurance Compulsory for Civil Servants
Cross River Government has made enrolment in the state Health Insurance Scheme compulsory for all civil and public servants in the state.
The Head of Service, Bassey Okon, announced this in a circular dated Sept.
3, following the official relaunch of the Formal Sector Enrolment Programme of the Cross River State Health Insurance Agency.According to the circular in Calabar, at the weekend, the directive takes immediate effect.
Okon stated that the policy was meant to ensure that all the civil and public servants had access to affordable, quality, and timely healthcare services, while strengthening the welfare and productivity of the state workforce.
He directed all the civil and public servants to enroll in the scheme and comply with the registration and documentation requirements of the agency.
The circular also introduced a mandatory requirement for officers to attach valid health insurance enrolment cards to official correspondences relating to personnel matters.
“Correspondences concerning promotion, confirmation of appointment, loan applications, study leave, training or sponsorship, transfer or secondment, as well as other personnel-related requests or benefits, would not be processed without the attachment of a valid health insurance enrolment card,” it stated.
To facilitate the enrolment process, the government established enrolment points at the Office of the Head of Service, New Secretariat, Calabar, and the Ministry of Health, Old Secretariat, Calabar.
Okon directed all Heads of Ministries, Departments, and Agencies (MDAs) to ensure that officers under their supervision were duly informed about the circular and made to comply with the enrolment requirement without delay.
He also urged concerned officers to take advantage of the designated enrolment points for guidance and assistance and to complete their enrolment as required.
He further directed all the heads of the MDAs to bring the contents of the circular to the attention of all civil and public servants under their supervision. (NAN)


