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Nigeria’s Imports Exceed Exports by N1.94trn in 2021- NBS

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By Joseph Amah, Abuja

Nigeria recorded N1.94 trillion foreign trade deficit in 2021, according to a report by the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
This implies a negative trade balance as the Nigerian economy is still import-driven and depends largely on exports of petroleum and some agricultural products to meet foreign exchange earnings.


In 2020, the country recorded its first annual trade deficit in four years as imports exceeded exports by N7.
37 trillion.
In its report, “Foreign Trade in Goods Statistics (Q4 2021),” released on Tuesday, the NBS revealed that the country’s total merchandise trade stood at N11,707.
20 billion, an increase of 11.79 percent over the value recorded in the Q3, 2021 and 74.71 percent higher compared to the Q4 2020.
The report further shows that total export for 2021 stood at N18.91 trillion while total imports stood at N20.84tn, leaving a trade deficit of N1.94 trillion.
“In 2021, the value of total trade stood at N39.75 trillion, which is 57.60 per cent higher than the value recorded in 2020,” the report reads.
“The value of total imports in 2021 stood at N20.84 trillion, which is 64.11 percent higher than the value recorded in 2020, while total exports were valued at N18.91 trillion, showing an increase of 50.99 percent than the value recorded in 2020. Overall in 2021, merchandise trade recorded a deficit of N1.94 trillion.”
The report shows that imports stood at N5.94 trillion in the fourth quarter of 2021 while export was N5.77 trillion.
“Export in the fourth quarter of 2021 was still oil-dependent. Crude oil exports recorded N4.27 trillion, and it remained the major product in total exports (74.04 percent), while non-crude oil was valued at N1.49 trillion or 25.96 percent of total exports of which non-oil products contributed N810.88 billion, representing 14.06 percent of total exports during the quarter under review,” it added.
The top three countries that accounted for the highest share in Nigeria’s total exports in Q4 2021 were India (15.17 percent), Spain (13.69 percent) and France (8.42 percent).
China (27.8 percent), Belgium (10.3 percent) and India (7.24 percent) were the countries Nigeria imported the most goods from during the period.
The International Monetary Fund (IMF) had advised Nigeria to diversify its exports, as doing so would be beneficial to its economy.
In its latest ‘Nigeria: Selected Issues Paper’ report, IMF said Nigeria had not implemented much export diversification over the years.
“Nigeria has achieved little export diversification over the past decades. Diversification can be attained by including new commodities in the export portfolio (extensive margin) and changing the share of existing commodities (intensive margin),” the report read.
“Over the past decades, Nigeria failed to diversify exports at the extensive margin, nor did it add new sub-products within the oil and the few commodities that it exports to achieve a more balanced mix of exports.”
The report said Nigeria added only 47 new products to the export portfolio between 1990 and 2020, unlike many other countries.

BUSINESS

Afreximbank Records 30 Per Cent Rise Net Income for First Half 2026

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The African Export-Import Bank (Afreximbank) and its subsidiaries (the Group) recorded a 30 per cent increase in net income to 534.7 million dollars in the first half of 2026.

The bank disclosed this in a statement issued by Vincent Musumba, Communications and Events Manager, Afreximbank, on Wednesday, on its financial results for the six months ended June 30, 2026.

Musumba said the performance reflected the resilience of its business model and its continued support for trade and economic development across Africa and the Caribbean.

According to the statement, total assets and contingencies rose by 7.

8 per cent to 52.3 billion dollars from 48.5 billion dollars as of Dec.31, 2025.

It said the growth was driven largely by increased lending, with net loans and advances rising by 5.7 per cent to 35.4 billion dollars, compared with 33.5 billion dollars at the end of 2025.

The statement said the bank’s asset quality remained sound, with its non-performing loan (NPL) ratio improving to 2.20 per cent at the first half of 2026, from 2.43 per cent at year-end 2025.

It said the bank also maintained a sound liquidity position, with liquid assets accounting for 13 per cent of total assets, within its strategic target range of between 10 per cent and 15 per cent.

The statement said shareholders’ funds increased to 8.5 billion dollars from 8.4 billion dollars at the end of 2025.

“The increase was supported by 534.7 million dollars in internally generated profits and 13.9 million dollars in new equity raised during the period.”

It said the Net interest income increased by 22 per cent to 1.0 billion dollars, compared with the 0.84 billion dollars in the corresponding period of 2025.

The statement said fee and commission income also increased by 15 per cent to 71.1 million dollars, from 61.9 million dollars in the first half of 2025.

It said the bank attributed the increase to higher fees earned from guarantees, letters of credit and advisory services.

“As a result net income reached 534.7 million dollars, representing a 30 per cent increase from 412.7 million recorded in the first half of 2025.”

The statement said Profitability indicators also improved, with return on average shareholders’ equity rising to 13 per cent from 11 per cent in the first half of 2025.

“Return on average assets increased to 2.54 per cent from 2.22 per cent over the same period.”

It said operational efficiency remained strong, with the cost-to-income ratio at 20 per cent, compared with 19 per cent in the first half of 2025, in spite of higher personnel expenses and persistent inflationary pressures.

According to the statement, Afreximbank further strengthened its funding profile after the reporting period by completing a 1.5 billion-dollar dual-tranche bond issuance.

It said the transaction, described as the largest international debt capital markets issuance in the bank’s history, comprised a 750 million-dollar 5.5-year tranche and a 750 million-dollar 10-year tranche.

“The offering was approximately two times oversubscribed, highlighting strong investor confidence and reinforcing the bank’s capacity to support its strategic growth objectives.

The statement quoted Denys Denya, Afreximbank’s Senior Executive Vice-President, as saying the financial performance reflected the continued resilience of the Group amid a complex global environment.

“Our healthy balance sheet gives us the capacity to respond when markets are disrupted, while continuing to finance the trade, industrialisation and investment that underpin longer-term economic resilience,” he said.

Denya said the expansion of lending, strength of asset quality and continued access to diversified funding enabled the bank to remain responsive to immediate challenges.

He added that these strengths would also support the structural transformation of African and Caribbean economies. (NAN)

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BUSINESS

Nigeria’s Reforms Must Now Deliver Jobs, Higher Incomes – CPPE

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Centre for the Promotion of Private Enterprise (CPPE) has urged the Federal Government to shift its economic reform focus from macroeconomic stabilisation to productivity, job creation and improved living standards.

The Chief Executive Officer of CPPE, Dr.

Muda Yusuf, made the call on Sunday in the centre’s assessment of the government’s economic reform scorecard released by the Minister of Finance.

Yusuf said the reforms had delivered measurable gains, including stronger government revenues, improved foreign exchange stability, higher external reserves and increased investor confidence.

He said real Gross Domestic Product growth also strengthened to 3.89 per cent in the first quarter of 2026, from 3.13 per cent in the corresponding period of 2025.

“Macroeconomic stability is a means, not an end,” he said.

He said the real test of the reforms was their ability to deliver higher productivity, stronger investment, more jobs, lower poverty and improved living standards.

According to him, purchasing power remains under pressure, while businesses continue to face high energy, financing, logistics and regulatory costs.

Yusuf said the next phase of reforms should therefore prioritise productivity, competitiveness and household welfare.

He also urged state governments to translate increased statutory allocations and internally generated revenues into visible development outcomes.

He listed roads, healthcare, transportation, education, agricultural infrastructure, security, power and enterprise support as areas requiring greater investment.

“Higher revenues must produce a visible development and welfare dividend, rather than simply finance higher recurrent expenditure and prestige projects,” he said.

Yusuf identified electricity, logistics, insecurity, agricultural productivity, infrastructure, regulatory costs and high cost of capital as major structural constraints to economic growth.

He said the 15.3 per cent contraction in the electricity sector in the first quarter of 2026 underscored the urgency of addressing supply side constraints.

He said manufacturing and agriculture grew by 3.29 per cent and 3.15 per cent, respectively, during the period.

Yusuf called for trade policies that protected industries and agricultural producers with credible local capacity against unfair import competition.

He however, said producers should retain competitive access to critical inputs that were not adequately available locally.

He also advocated stronger fiscal and monetary coordination to enable a gradual reduction in financing costs as inflation moderates.

The CPPE chief executive cautioned against reversing the economic reforms, describing such a move as potentially damaging to investor confidence and fiscal stability.

He said policy makers should instead sustain the reform trajectory, while continuously refining its implementation based on evidence and its impact on businesses and households.

Yusuf said: ‘’Nigeria’s next reform phase must move from stabilisation to productivity; from higher government revenues to better development outcomes.

 ‘’Also, it must move from improving macroeconomic indicators to tangible gains in jobs, incomes and living standards.’’ (NAN)

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NICA Seeks N2trn Credit Guarantee Fund to Unlock Nigeria’s Economy

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The National Institute of Credit Administration (NICA) has called for the immediate capitalisation of the Nigerian Credit Guarantee Company (NCGC) with two trillion naira.

The Registrar and Chief Executive Officer of NICA, Prof.

Chris Onalo, made the call on Sunday in a statement on the state of Nigeria’s credit economy.

Onalo said stronger banks from the recent recapitalisation would not translate into economic growth without deliberate measures to expand credit to productive sectors.

He said private sector credit stood at 28 per cent of the Gross Domestic Product as of June 2026, far below the 60 per cent to 80 per cent average recorded in emerging economies.

According to him, high lending rates of between 32 per cent and 35 per cent have priced key sectors out of formal credit.

He listed manufacturing, agriculture, housing and education among sectors struggling to access affordable financing.

He said banks had become increasingly risk averse in spite of improved liquidity following the recapitalisation exercise.

He attributed the situation to weak credit infrastructure, limited credit bureau coverage, weak collateral enforcement and slow judicial recovery.

Onalo warned that the credit gap was pushing millions of Nigerians toward informal lenders and digital loan platforms.

He said this could worsen household debt and weaken the capital base of small businesses.

The NICA boss described the situation as a “credit paradox”, where funds existed within the banking system, but were not sufficiently circulating in the productive economy.

He said the government must, therefore, create mechanisms to de-risk lending and encourage banks to finance businesses capable of creating jobs and expanding production. 

Onalo urged the Federal Government to empower the NCGC with two trillion naira to provide broad-based guarantees for lending to micro, small and medium enterprises.

 He said the guarantee scheme would serve as a bridge between stronger banks and increased financing for businesses.

 “Given the recent robust bank recapitalisation, the Federal Government should immediately capitalise the Nigerian Credit Guarantee Company (NCGC) with N2 Trillion. 

“This broad-based guarantee will de-risk lending, unlock bank balance sheets, and upscale credit to MSMEs nationwide. It is the bridge between strong banks and a strong economy,” he said.

Onalo also called for single-digit intervention funds for agriculture, manufacturing, housing and the creative economy through relevant government institutions.

He advised the government to establish an Office of the National Chief Credit Officer to coordinate federal credit policies, intervention funds and guarantee programmes.

Onalo also recommended mandatory credit reporting by fintechs, cooperatives and other lenders to strengthen Nigeria’s credit infrastructure.

He called for the full digitisation of the National Collateral Registry to reduce lending risks and improve access to credit.

He insisted on regulation of digital lenders to protect borrowers from predatory interest rates and unethical debt recovery practices.

Onalo also proposed reforms allowing pension and insurance funds to invest more in corporate bonds and infrastructure debt.

He urged all 36 states to establish Credit Access Departments to work with financial institutions and the NCGC to fund grassroots enterprises.

“Bank recapitalisation has given us stronger banks. What Nigeria needs now is coordinated, guaranteed and disciplined credit,” he said.

He added that such measures would enable credit to become a catalyst for enterprise, employment and sustainable economic growth.

Onalo said NICA was ready to provide policy support, technical guidance and executive training for implementing the proposed reforms. (NAN)

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